Chapter 5, Problem 85A

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

Orbital notation and complete electron configuration of Beryllium needs to be determined.

Concept introduction:

• Aufbau Principle  states that in the ground state electrons of an atom fill the orbital with lowest energy first and upcoming electrons are filled in the order of increasing their energies.
• Hund's rule states that pairing of electrons do not occurs until each and every orbital in a subshell is singly filled with electrons having same spin.
• Pauli Exclusion Principle  states that in an atom no two electrons present in a same orbital having same spin.

Answer to Problem 85A

• Complete electron configuration of Beryllium: $1s^2,2s^2$
• Orbital notation:

Explanation of Solution

Given: Beryllium atom

An orbital notation diagram refers as the arrangement of the electrons in an atom. In the orbital notation  diagram, the each  orbitals are shown as squares and orbitals in a sublevel are represented next to each other in a horizontal way.

• Complete electron configuration of Beryllium: $1s^2,2s^2$
• Orbital notation:

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

Orbital notation and complete electron configuration of Aluminum

Concept introduction:

• Aufbau Principle  states that in the ground state electrons of an atom fill the orbital with lowest energy first and upcoming electrons are filled in the order of increasing their energies.
• Hund's rule states that pairing of electrons do not occurs until each and every orbital in a subshell is singly filled with electrons having same spin.
• Pauli Exclusion Principle  states that in an atom no two electrons present in a same orbital having same spin.

Answer to Problem 85A

• Complete electron configuration of Aluminum: $1s^2,2s^2,2p^6,3s^2,3p^1$
• Orbital notation:

Explanation of Solution

Given: Aluminum atom

An orbital notation diagram refers as the arrangement of the electrons in an atom. In the orbital notation  diagram, the each  orbitals are shown as squares and orbitals in a sublevel are represented next to each other in a horizontal way.

• Complete electron configuration of Aluminum: $1s^2,2s^2,2p^6,3s^2,3p^1$
• Orbital notation:

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

Orbital notation and complete electron configuration of Nitrogen

Concept introduction:

• Aufbau Principle  states that in the ground state electrons of an atom fill the orbital with lowest energy first and upcoming electrons are filled in the order of increasing their energies.
• Hund's rule states that pairing of electrons do not occurs until each and every orbital in a subshell is singly filled with electrons having same spin.
• Pauli Exclusion Principle  states that in an atom no two electrons present in a same orbital having same spin.

Answer to Problem 85A

• Complete electron configuration of Nitrogen: $1s^{2}2s^{2}2p^3$
• Orbital notation:

Explanation of Solution

Given: Nitrogen atom

An orbital notation diagram refers as the arrangement of the electrons in an atom. In the orbital notation  diagram, the each  orbitals are shown as squares and orbitals in a sublevel are represented next to each other in a horizontal way.

• Complete electron configuration of Nitrogen: $1s^{2}2s^{2}2p^3$
• Orbital notation:

(d)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

Orbital notation and complete electron configuration of Sodium

Concept introduction:

• Aufbau Principle  states that in the ground state electrons of an atom fill the orbital with lowest energy first and upcoming electrons are filled in the order of increasing their energies.
• Hund's rule states that pairing of electrons do not occurs until each and every orbital in a subshell is singly filled with electrons having same spin.
• Pauli Exclusion Principle  states that in an atom no two electrons present in a same orbital having same spin.

Answer to Problem 85A

• Complete electron configuration of Sodium: $1s^{2}2s^{2}2p^{6}3s^1$
• Orbital notation:

Explanation of Solution

Given: Sodium atom

An orbital notation diagram refers as the arrangement of the electrons in an atom. In the orbital notation  diagram, the each  orbitals are shown as squares and orbitals in a sublevel are represented next to each other in a horizontal way.

• Complete electron configuration of Sodium: $1s^{2}2s^{2}2p^{6}3s^1$
• Orbital notation: