Chemistry In Context
9th Edition
ISBN: 9781259638145
Author: Fahlman, Bradley D., Purvis-roberts, Kathleen, Kirk, John S., Bentley, Anne K., Daubenmire, Patrick L., ELLIS, Jamie P., Mury, Michael T., American Chemical Society
Publisher: Mcgraw-hill Education,
expand_more
expand_more
format_list_bulleted
Videos
Textbook Question
Chapter 5, Problem 9Q
Mercury (Hg) is present in trace amounts in coal, ranging from 50–200 ppb. Consider the amount of coal burned by the power plant in Your Turn 5.19. Calculate tons of mercury in the coal based on the lower (50 ppb) and higher (200 ppb) concentrations.
- a. Assuming the composition of coal can be approximated by the formula C135H96O9NS, calculate the mass of carbon (in tons) in 1.5 million tons of coal. This quantity of coal might be burned by a typical power plant in 1 year.
- b. Compute the amount of energy (in kJ) released by burning this mass of coal. Assume the process releases 30 kJ/g of coal. Useful conversion factors: 1 ton = 2000 lb and 1 pound = 454 g.
- c. What mass of CO2 would be formed by the complete combustion of 1.5 million tons of this coal?
Hint: In the balanced chemical equation, assume a mole ratio of coal:CO2 of 1:135.
Expert Solution & Answer
Want to see the full answer?
Check out a sample textbook solution
Students have asked these similar questions
A student dissolves 10.3g of ammonium nitrate NH4NO3 in 300.g of water in a well-insulated open cup. He then observes the temperature of the water fall from 22.0°C to 19.3°C over the course of 3.1 minutes.
Use this data, and any information you need from the ALEKS Data resource, to answer the questions below about this reaction:
NH4NO3s -> NH+4aq + NO−3aq
You can make any reasonable assumptions about the physical properties of the solution. Be sure answers you calculate using measured data are rounded to the correct number of significant digits.
Is this reaction exothermic, endothermic, or neither?
If you said the reaction was exothermic or endothermic, calculate the amount of heat that was released or absorbed by the reaction in this case.
Calculate the reaction enthalpy ΔHrxn per mole of NH4NO3.
From the discussion question from Module 5, recall the chemical equation for the combustion of gasoline (iso-octane, C8H18) is:
2C8H18 + 25O2 ---> 16CO2 + 18H2O
This means that 2 moles of iso-octane combine with 25 moles of CO2 to produce 16 moles of CO2 and 18 moles of water. This is important for understanding the impact of fossil fuel use on the atmosphere because burning one mole of fuel adds a lot of CO2. Thinking about this in terms of the stoichiometry, and change in concentration, suppose we had 1.0 mole of iso-octane dissolved in 1.0 m3 of atmosphere. That means the concentration of carbon-containing molecules would be 1 mole per cubic meter. However, ff we burned all that iso-octane and convert the C8H18 into CO2 the concentration of carbon-containing molecules increases.
How much does the concentration of carbon-containing molecules increase if 1.0 mole of C8H18 in 1.0 m3 of air is converted into CO2 as shown in the chemical equation above?
One rider rides the bicycle for 50 km. He hears unwanted sound from chain drive and brakes. He applies grease and oil to the different moving parts of Bicycle. Suddenly after this procedure the sounds coming from it reduced to 90% and Rider feels that he is now using less power to ride the bicycle for the same distance.
Explain how the grease and oil helped the rider for smother bicycle ride
Chapter 5 Solutions
Chemistry In Context
Ch. 5.1 - Prob. 5.1YTCh. 5.1 - Prob. 5.2YTCh. 5.1 - Consult the interactive trends found in the...Ch. 5.1 - Prob. 5.4YTCh. 5.2 - For each of the fuels below, write the balanced...Ch. 5.2 - Prob. 5.6YTCh. 5.3 - Prob. 5.7YTCh. 5.4 - Prob. 5.8YTCh. 5.4 - Prob. 5.9YTCh. 5.4 - Scientific Practices Coal Versus Ethanol On the...
Ch. 5.5 - Prob. 5.12YTCh. 5.5 - Prob. 5.13YTCh. 5.6 - Although power plants require several steps to...Ch. 5.7 - Prob. 5.15YTCh. 5.7 - Prob. 5.16YTCh. 5.7 - An input of energy can be used to decrease entropy...Ch. 5.8 - Prob. 5.18YTCh. 5.8 - Prob. 5.19YTCh. 5.8 - Prob. 5.20YTCh. 5.8 - Prob. 5.21YTCh. 5.10 - Prob. 5.22YTCh. 5.11 - The combustion of one gram of natural gas releases...Ch. 5.11 - a. During the extraction of natural gas, the...Ch. 5.12 - Prob. 5.25YTCh. 5.13 - Prob. 5.26YTCh. 5.13 - Beginning in the 1920s, the octane-booster...Ch. 5.15 - Prob. 5.28YTCh. 5.15 - Prob. 5.29YTCh. 5.16 - Prob. 5.30YTCh. 5.17 - Have you ever been served cherries Jubilee or...Ch. 5.17 - Prob. 5.34YTCh. 5 - Prob. 1QCh. 5 - Prob. 2QCh. 5 - Prob. 3QCh. 5 - Energy exists in different forms in our natural...Ch. 5 - A coal-burning power plant generates electrical...Ch. 5 - Prob. 6QCh. 5 - Prob. 7QCh. 5 - Prob. 8QCh. 5 - Mercury (Hg) is present in trace amounts in coal,...Ch. 5 - Prob. 10QCh. 5 - Here are the condensed structural formulas for two...Ch. 5 - Prob. 12QCh. 5 - Prob. 13QCh. 5 - Consider these three hydrocarbons: At room...Ch. 5 - During petroleum distillation, kerosene and...Ch. 5 - Prob. 16QCh. 5 - a. Write the balanced chemical equation for the...Ch. 5 - Prob. 18QCh. 5 - Prob. 19QCh. 5 - State whether these processes are endothermic or...Ch. 5 - Use the bond energies in Table 5.1 to calculate...Ch. 5 - Use the bond energies in Table 5.1 to calculate...Ch. 5 - Ethanol can be produced by fermentation. Another...Ch. 5 - Here are structural formulas for ethane, ethene...Ch. 5 - These three compounds all have the same chemical...Ch. 5 - Catalysts speed up cracking reactions in oil...Ch. 5 - Explain why cracking is a necessary part of the...Ch. 5 - Consider this equation representing the process of...Ch. 5 - Prob. 29QCh. 5 - Consider these three alcohols: methanol, ethanol,...Ch. 5 - Prob. 31QCh. 5 - Prob. 32QCh. 5 - Prob. 33QCh. 5 - Compare and contrast a molecule of biodiesel with...Ch. 5 - Use Figure 5.6 to compare the energy released for...Ch. 5 - Prob. 36QCh. 5 - The sustainability of burning coal (and other...Ch. 5 - In this chapter, we approximated the chemical...Ch. 5 - Prob. 39QCh. 5 - Compare the processes of combustion and...Ch. 5 - How might you explain the difference between...Ch. 5 - Write a response to this statement: Because of the...Ch. 5 - The concept of entropy and probability is used in...Ch. 5 - Bond energies such as those in Table 5.1 are...Ch. 5 - Use the bond energies in Table 5.1 to explain why...Ch. 5 - Prob. 46QCh. 5 - Prob. 47QCh. 5 - Prob. 48QCh. 5 - Prob. 49QCh. 5 - Prob. 50QCh. 5 - Prob. 51QCh. 5 - Prob. 52QCh. 5 - Prob. 53QCh. 5 - Use a diagram to show the relationship among these...Ch. 5 - On a timescale of a few years, the combustion of...Ch. 5 - Emissions of some pollutants are lower when...Ch. 5 - Although coal contains only trace amounts of...Ch. 5 - Prob. 58QCh. 5 - An article in Scientific American pointed out that...Ch. 5 - C. P. Snow, a noted scientist and author, wrote an...Ch. 5 - Chemical explosions are very exothermic reactions....Ch. 5 - Prob. 63QCh. 5 - Tetraethyllead (TEL) was first approved for use in...Ch. 5 - Tetraethyllead (TEL) has an octane rating of 270....Ch. 5 - Another type of catalyst used in the combustion of...Ch. 5 - Figure 5.8 shows energy differences for the...Ch. 5 - Prob. 68Q
Additional Science Textbook Solutions
Find more solutions based on key concepts
Calculate the lattice energy of CaCl2 using a Born-Haber cycle and data from Appendices F and L and Table 7.5. ...
Chemistry & Chemical Reactivity
The method to determine the volume of a powered solid, liquid and a rock needs to be determined. Concept introd...
Living by Chemistry
Consider a sample of ideal gas initially in a volume V at temperature T and pressure P. Does the entropy of thi...
General Chemistry: Principles and Modern Applications (11th Edition)
Describe the orbitals used in bonding and the bond angles in the following compounds: a. CH3O b. CO2 c. H2CO d....
Organic Chemistry (8th Edition)
Determine [OH], [H+], and the pH of each of the following solutions. a. 1.0 M KCl b. 1.0 M KC2H3O2
Chemistry
Real walls are never totally adiabatic. Use your experience to order the following walls in increasing order wi...
Thermodynamics, Statistical Thermodynamics, & Kinetics
Knowledge Booster
Learn more about
Need a deep-dive on the concept behind this application? Look no further. Learn more about this topic, chemistry and related others by exploring similar questions and additional content below.Similar questions
- Propane, C3H8, is a hydrocarbon that is commonly used as a fuel. (a) Write a balanced equation for the complete combustion of propane gas. (b) Calculate the volume of air at 25 C and 1.00 atmosphere that is needed to completely combust 25.0 grams of propane. Assume that air is 21.0 percent O2 by volume. (Hint: we will see how to do this calculation in a later chapter on gasesfor now use the information that 1.00 L of air at 25 C and 1.00 atm contains 0.275 g of 2 per liter.) (c) The heat of combustion of propane is 2,219.2 kJ/mol. Calculate the heat of formation, Hf of propane given that Hf of H2O(l)=285.8 kJ/mol and Hf of CO2(g)=393.5 kJ/mol. (d) Assuming that all of the heat released in burning 25.0 grams of propane is transferred to 4.00 kilograms of water, calculate the increase in temperature of the water.arrow_forwardWrite the Lewis structures and give the electron-region geometry, molecular geometry, and bond angles, and the hybridization of the central atom of these polyatomic ions and molecules. (a) BrF2+ (b) OCCl2 (c) CH3+ (d) SeCS (e) CH3arrow_forwardAssume a coal has a proximate analysis of C52H41S0.5N0.2O5. This coal is burned at a power plant to generate electricity. What are two types of NOx formation you would expect from using this coal as an energy source? For each ton (2,000 lbs) of this coal is combusted, what is the total mass potential for SO2 emission? Please provide your answer in SO2 pounds per ton of coal.arrow_forward
- We were given an activity about observing 2 balloons. 1 balloon is in the basin with cold water and the other balloon is in the basin with hot water we were task to observe it after 1 minute and after 3 minutes and wrote our observation which is the balloon in the basin with hot water expanded and the balloon in the basin with cold water shrunk. The question is how would we apply our learning on this activity in real life?arrow_forwardShow complete solution. Box all final answers. Basis: 100 kmols of Burner gas (BG) See attached photos for possible answers.arrow_forwardThe chart shows average CO2 emissions for fossil fuel vehicles (gasoline, diesel, and hybrid gas‑electric), as well as electric vehicles. The ordinate is mg CO2 per mile driven per pound mass of the vehicle (called curb weight). For electric vehicles, CO2 emission varies in U.S. states because of the mix of fuels used to generate electricity. If electricity came entirely from solar power, there would be little CO2 associated with its production. California has the lowest CO2 emission for producing electricity and Ohio has the highest because it depends heavily on coal‑fired power plants. The chart does not include CO2 emission from manufacturing vehicles. When normalized for distance driven by each kind of vehicle before it is scrapped, CO2 emission associated with manufacturing electric vehicles is estimated to be 25–75% greater than CO2 emission associated with manufacturing gasoline and diesel vehicles. If manufacturing were included, CO2 emission associated with electric vehicles…arrow_forward
- The U.S. proven natural gas reserves in 2013 were 323 trillion ft3 . How long will these reserves last if there are no imports or exports and if the U.S. annual rate of use of 24.5 trillion ft3 continues?arrow_forwardOne hour of bicycle racing can require 500-900 kcal of energy, depending on the speed of the race, the terrain, and the weight of the racer. Tour de France riders must consume abnormal amounts of food to supply this energy. Food in the form of protein or carbohydrates produces 17 kJ of energy per gram consumed. How many kilograms of protein or carbohydrate must be consumed to provide the energy for 175 minutes of racing that requires 650.0 kcal/hr.1 kcal = 4.184 kJ.arrow_forwardLong-term space missions require reclamation of the oxygen in the carbon dioxide exhaled by the crew. In one method of reclamation, 1.00 mol of carbon dioxide produces 1.00 mol of oxygen, with 1.00 mol of methane as a by-product. The methane is stored in a tank under pressure and is available to control the attitude of the spacecraft by controlled venting. A single astronaut exhales 1.19 kg of carbon dioxide each day. If the methane generated in the recycling of three astronauts' respiration during one week of flight is stored in an originally empty 165-L tank at −45.0°C, what is the final pressure in the tank? (MPa)arrow_forward
- Why do you think engineers believe that spraying, and not a steady stream of fuel, is more efficient?arrow_forwardNumerous power plants and manufacturing facilities generate heat or operate at elevated temperatures. Frequently, the temperature is lowered by circulating water around the equipment and dumping the heated water into ponds or rivers. This can result in an increase in the temperature of the pond, river, or water supply used for discharge. The term "thermal pollution" refers to the process of increasing the temperature of these water sources. Thermal pollution can have a detrimental effect on the ecosystem, resulting in the death of fish and other aerobic organisms Using your knowledge of the effects of temperature on gas solubility, explain why elevated water temperatures can kill fish.arrow_forwardEnd-of-the-Pipe Control versus Pollution Prevention The marginal cost of reduction curve illustrated in Figure 4.5 assumes a particular approach to reducing pollution, often called end-of-the-pipe control. In other words, when we draw that upward-sloping MC curve, we assume that firms respond to regulation by maintaining the same basic production technology but adding on scrubbers or filters to clean up their emissions. Under these conditions, rising marginal costs of reduction are quite likely. However, suppose that firms radically overhaul their production technology, so that they completely eliminate emissions. This is known as a “pollution prevention” strategy. An example might be a jeweler, who in the face of regulation adopts a closed-loop production system. This is one in which all mineral waste products are recovered from recycled wastewater and then reused. What would the marginal cost of reduction diagram look like in this case? a. Specifically, assume that…arrow_forward
arrow_back_ios
SEE MORE QUESTIONS
arrow_forward_ios
Recommended textbooks for you
Chemistry: The Molecular ScienceChemistryISBN:9781285199047Author:John W. Moore, Conrad L. StanitskiPublisher:Cengage Learning
Chemistry by OpenStax (2015-05-04)ChemistryISBN:9781938168390Author:Klaus Theopold, Richard H Langley, Paul Flowers, William R. Robinson, Mark BlaserPublisher:OpenStax
Chemistry for Engineering StudentsChemistryISBN:9781285199023Author:Lawrence S. Brown, Tom HolmePublisher:Cengage Learning
Chemistry & Chemical ReactivityChemistryISBN:9781337399074Author:John C. Kotz, Paul M. Treichel, John Townsend, David TreichelPublisher:Cengage Learning
Chemistry & Chemical ReactivityChemistryISBN:9781133949640Author:John C. Kotz, Paul M. Treichel, John Townsend, David TreichelPublisher:Cengage Learning
Chemistry: The Molecular Science
Chemistry
ISBN:9781285199047
Author:John W. Moore, Conrad L. Stanitski
Publisher:Cengage Learning
Chemistry by OpenStax (2015-05-04)
Chemistry
ISBN:9781938168390
Author:Klaus Theopold, Richard H Langley, Paul Flowers, William R. Robinson, Mark Blaser
Publisher:OpenStax
Chemistry for Engineering Students
Chemistry
ISBN:9781285199023
Author:Lawrence S. Brown, Tom Holme
Publisher:Cengage Learning
Chemistry & Chemical Reactivity
Chemistry
ISBN:9781337399074
Author:John C. Kotz, Paul M. Treichel, John Townsend, David Treichel
Publisher:Cengage Learning
Chemistry & Chemical Reactivity
Chemistry
ISBN:9781133949640
Author:John C. Kotz, Paul M. Treichel, John Townsend, David Treichel
Publisher:Cengage Learning
The Laws of Thermodynamics, Entropy, and Gibbs Free Energy; Author: Professor Dave Explains;https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8N1BxHgsoOw;License: Standard YouTube License, CC-BY