Biology: The Dynamic Science (MindTap Course List)
4th Edition
ISBN: 9781305389892
Author: Peter J. Russell, Paul E. Hertz, Beverly McMillan
Publisher: Cengage Learning
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Chapter 50, Problem 3ITD
Summary Introduction
To review:
The defect that has more than twice the risk in the multiple-birth group in comparison to the single-birth group.
Introduction:
In Florida, from the year 1996 to 2000, a study was conducted on live births. This study was made on the risk factor of birth defects in children born per 10,000 live births. It was observed that the birth defects had a higher risk value in the multiple-birth group. The prevalence of these birth defects was comparatively lower in the single-birth group.
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Which of the following scenarios does NOT describe an event that leads to the conceptions of twins?
Select one:
A. two eggs are fertilized by two sperm cells, resulting in a fraternal twin.
B. High levels of FSH stimulate the maturation of three ovums.
C. Two eggs are fertilized by one sperm cell, resulting in a monozygotic twin.
D. One egg is fertilized by one sperm but divides into two zygotes, resulting in two babies of the same gender.
The development of sex and gender is a good example of a developmental cascade because:
Group of answer choices
Although having an X and a Y chromosome at conception typically leads to the development of testes during prenatal development, this may not lead to typical male genitalia if certain hormones are present later in development
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All of the options listed here are correct
Having two X chromosomes at conception typically leads to the development of ovaries during prenatal development, which typically leads to high levels of estrogen in puberty, which typically leads to a female gender identity in adulthood
Which of the following statements regarding the formation of human twins is INCORRECT?
a. Nearly all identical twins form before the 9th day following fertilization.
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Chapter 50 Solutions
Biology: The Dynamic Science (MindTap Course List)
Ch. 50.1 - Prob. 1SBCh. 50.1 - Prob. 2SBCh. 50.2 - Prob. 1SBCh. 50.2 - Prob. 2SBCh. 50.2 - Prob. 3SBCh. 50.3 - Prob. 1SBCh. 50.3 - Prob. 2SBCh. 50.4 - Prob. 1SBCh. 50.4 - Prob. 2SBCh. 50.5 - Prob. 1SB
Ch. 50.5 - Prob. 2SBCh. 50.5 - Prob. 3SBCh. 50 - Prob. 1TYKCh. 50 - Prob. 2TYKCh. 50 - Prob. 3TYKCh. 50 - Prob. 4TYKCh. 50 - Prob. 5TYKCh. 50 - Prob. 6TYKCh. 50 - Prob. 7TYKCh. 50 - In the development of the female sex organs: a....Ch. 50 - In the embryonic development of the eye: a. the...Ch. 50 - Prob. 10TYKCh. 50 - Discuss Concepts Experimentally, it is possible to...Ch. 50 - Discuss Concepts Developmental biologist Lewis...Ch. 50 - Discuss Concepts Arguably, in sexually reproducing...Ch. 50 - Prob. 14TYKCh. 50 - Prob. 15TYKCh. 50 - Prob. 16TYKCh. 50 - Prob. 1ITDCh. 50 - Prob. 2ITDCh. 50 - Prob. 3ITDCh. 50 - Prob. 4ITD
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- Birth Defects and Multiple Births A woman who carries multiple offspring at the same time increases the risk of some birth defects. FIGURE 42.18 shows the results of Yiwei Tang's study of birth defects reported in Florida from 1W6 to 2000. Tang compared the incidence of various defects among single and multiple births. She calculated the relative risk for each type of defect based on type of birth, and corrected for other differences that might increase risk such as maternal age, income, race, and medical care during pregnancy. A relative risk of less than 1 means that multiple births pose less risk of that defect occurring. A relative risk greater than 1 means multiples are more likely to have a defect. FIGURE 42.18 Prevalence, per 10,000 live births, of various types of birth defects among multiple aria single births. Relative risk for each defect is given after researches adjusted for the motor's age, race, previous adverse pregnancy experience, education, Medicaid participation during pregnancy, as well as the infant's sex and number of siblings. 4. Does a multiple pregnancy increase the relative risk of chromosomal defects in offspring?arrow_forwardThe graph in the right hand column shows the incidence of Down syndrome in the offspring of normal parents as the age of the mother increases. For women under the age of 30, how many infants with Down syndrome are born per 1,000 births? How many for women at age 40? At age 50? How many times more likely is a 50-year-old woman to give birth to a baby with Down syndrome than a 30-year-old woman?arrow_forwardwhen a woman is injected with an egg fertilized in vitro, the probability of its implanting is 20 percent. If a woman is injected with five eggs simultaneously, what is the probability that she will become pregnant?arrow_forward
- Which of the following is false? a. The endoderm, mesoderm, ectoderm are germ layers. b. The trophoblast is a germ layer. c. The inner cell mass is a source of embryonic stem cells. d. The blastula is often a hollow ball of cells.arrow_forwardWhich of the following correctly identifies the different phases of human development? Select one: a. Weeks 1 to 8 are called the fetal development, and weeks 9 to 39 are called the embryonic development. b. Weeks 1 to 8 are called the embryonic development, and weeks 9 to 39 are called the fetal development. c. The 1st trimester is fertilization and mitosis, and the 2nd and 3rd trimesters involve differentiation. d. The 1st trimester is called the embryonic development, the 2nd trimester is called the fetal development, and the 3rd trimester is when the baby grows to gain more weight.arrow_forwardWhich of the following statements is not true about the placenta? A. It provides exchange of wastes and nutrients between the mother and the fetus. B. It develops by the third month of gestation. C. It allows transfer of maternal immunoglobulin D. It allows passage of bacteria and virus. -Provide explanationarrow_forward
- What factors would you consider when designing a study to answer the research question: “How effective is XYZ intervention in reducing preterm birth among low-income pregnant teens?”arrow_forwardWhat is the expected effect on reproduction on an individual with hormone levels shown above? Identify two physiological changes that will not occur due to the atypical hormone levels shown above. The graph below shows the estrogen and progesterone levels of an individual during a menstrual cycle of 28 days. The top light blue line indicates the progesterone levels and the bottom purple line indicates the estrogen levels. This individual is in luteal phase.This individual can be expected to have low levels of FSH and LH.arrow_forwardWhich of the following statements is FALSE? a. VegT and Veg1 induce both dorsal and ventral mesoderm. b. Veg1 and VegT induce endoderm signals. c. Beta-catenin must enter the nuclei of cells on the dorsal surface for frog development to progress normally. d. Nodal is required to induce both the Organizer and ventral mesoderm.arrow_forward
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