Life: The Science of Biology
Life: The Science of Biology
11th Edition
ISBN: 9781319010164
Author: David E. Sadava, David M. Hillis, H. Craig Heller, Sally D. Hacker
Publisher: W. H. Freeman
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Chapter 51.2, Problem 2R
Summary Introduction

To review:

The reason because of which urea is produced in sharks and rays instead of uric acid to raise osmotic concentration of extracellular fluids.

Introduction:

Urea and uric acid are the excretory products that are formed by protein metabolism. Organisms according to their body requirements can either excrete uric acid or urea, both of which are less toxic than ammonia and can be stored in body for some time.

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Renal tubule cells in the kidney medulla are constantly exposed to high extracellular osmolirity. How do they maintain normal cell volume?
Renal tubule cells in the kidney medulla are constantly exposed to high extracellular osmolarity.  How do they maintain normal cell volume?
Which molecules are responsible for the high osmolarity of the renal medulla in the mammalian kidney?     "Na+, Cl-, and K+"     "urea, uric acid, and Na+"     "Na+, Cl-, and urea"     "uric acid, urea, and amonia"
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