Life: The Science of Biology
11th Edition
ISBN: 9781319010164
Author: David E. Sadava, David M. Hillis, H. Craig Heller, Sally D. Hacker
Publisher: W. H. Freeman
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Chapter 51.6, Problem 3R
Summary Introduction
To review:
The two mechanisms that occur to remove excess fluid volume and excess sodium ion (Na+ ion) when a lot of salty chicken broth with an osmotic concentration of 300 mosm/L (milliosmole per liter) is consumed.
Introduction:
The presence of excess salts and water in the body is harmful. The salt and water concentrations are maintained by hormones like atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) and antidiuretic hormone (ADH). ANP is secreted by atrial muscles while ADH is secreted from the anterior pituitary.
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- Drinking alcohol inhibits ADH secretion. What effect will drinking a beer have on the permeability of kidney tubules to sodium? To water?arrow_forwardWhy is excretion important in order to achieve osmotic balance?arrow_forward. If a person takes a loop diuretic, for example furosemide, for a prolonged period of time, what effectwill it have on the osmotic gradient in the renal medulla? Will this effect tend to increase or decreaseurine output?arrow_forward
- The mammalian kidney contains an immense network of nephrons that functions to conserve water by producing urine that is hyperosmotic compared to other body fluids. Explain how the transport epithelia of the nephron and collecting duct are able to use transport mechanisms to process the filtrate as it moves through the vessels and produce a hyperosmotic filtrate.arrow_forwardWhat difference is observed in the ascending and descending limb of Henle’s loop witch reference to permeability of water?arrow_forwardTwo solutions are separated by a semipermeable membrane that is permeable only to water. The two solutions are: Solution A = 150 mM KCl Solution B = 150 mM Angiotensin (a 7 amino acid polypeptide) Which of the following would best explain the net movement in this situation? - water will move from the KCl side to Angiotensin side - water will move from Angiotensin side to KCl side - The Cl- ion will move to the angiotensin side until there is 75 mM Cl- on each side - Since Angiotensin is not an ion, it can move through the membrane - There is no net water movement as the concentrations are the same on both sidesarrow_forward
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