Genetics: Analysis and Principles
6th Edition
ISBN: 9781259616020
Author: Robert J. Brooker Professor Dr.
Publisher: McGraw-Hill Education
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Chapter 5.4, Problem 3COMQ
Some human diseases are caused by mutations in mitochondrial genes. Which of the following statements is false?
a. Human mitochondrial diseases follow a maternal inheritance pattern.
b. Mutations associated with mitochondrial diseases often affect cells with a high demand for ATP.
c. The symptoms associated with mitochondrial diseases tend to improve with age.
d. Heteroplasmy plays a key role in the severity of mitochondrial disease symptoms.
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Some human diseases are caused by mutations in mitochondrialgenes. Which of the following statements is false?a. Mitochondrial diseases may follow a maternal inheritance pattern.b. Mutations associated with mitochondrial diseases often affectcells with a high demand for ATP.c. The symptoms associated with mitochondrial diseases tend toimprove with age.d. Heteroplasmy plays a key role in the severity of mitochondrialdisease symptoms
All mutations in mitochondrial genes ultimately affect (whether directly or indirectly) the key function of mitochondria, which is to make ATP. Why then do mutations in different genes cause different diseases, with specific symptoms?
All mutations in mitochondrial genes ultimately affect(whether directly or indirectly) the key function ofmitochondria, which is to make ATP. Why then domutations in different genes cause different diseases,with specific symptoms? (Note: The answer to thisquestion is not known, but your speculations will helpyou think about the material in this chapter.)29. How could researchers have determined that
Chapter 5 Solutions
Genetics: Analysis and Principles
Ch. 5.1 - A female snail that coils to the left has...Ch. 5.1 - 2. What is the molecular explanation for maternal...Ch. 5.2 - 1. In fruit flies, dosage compensation is achieved...Ch. 5.2 - 2. According to the Lyon hypothesis,
a. one of...Ch. 5.2 - Prob. 3COMQCh. 5.3 - 1. In mice, the copy of the Igf2 gene that is...Ch. 5.3 - 2. A female mouse that is is crossed to a male...Ch. 5.3 - Prob. 3COMQCh. 5.3 - Prob. 4COMQCh. 5.4 - 1. Extranuclear inheritance occurs due to
a....
Ch. 5.4 - 2. A cross is made between a green four-o’clock...Ch. 5.4 - 3. Some human diseases are caused by mutations in...Ch. 5.4 - 4. Chloroplasts and mitochondria evolved from an...Ch. 5 - Define the term epigenetic inheritance, and...Ch. 5 - 2. Describe the inheritance pattern of maternal...Ch. 5 - A maternal effect gene exists in a dominant N...Ch. 5 - 4. A Drosophila embryo dies during early...Ch. 5 - 5. For Mendelian inheritance, the nuclear genotype...Ch. 5 - Suppose a maternal effect gene exists as a...Ch. 5 - Suppose that a gene affects the anterior...Ch. 5 - Explain why maternal effect genes exert their...Ch. 5 - As described in Chapter 22, researchers have been...Ch. 5 - 10. With regard to the numbers of sex chromosomes,...Ch. 5 - 11. What is a Barr body? How is its structure...Ch. 5 - Among different species, describe three distinct...Ch. 5 - 13. Describe when X-chromosome inactivation occurs...Ch. 5 - 14. Describe the molecular process of X-chromosome...Ch. 5 - Prob. 15CONQCh. 5 - 16. How many Barr bodies would you expect to find...Ch. 5 - 17. Certain forms of human color blindness are...Ch. 5 - A black female cat (XBXB) and an orange male cat...Ch. 5 - Prob. 19CONQCh. 5 - When does the erasure and reestablishment phase of...Ch. 5 - In what types of cells would you expect de novo...Ch. 5 - 22. On rare occasions, people are born with a...Ch. 5 - Genes that cause Prader-Willi syndrome and...Ch. 5 - Prob. 24CONQCh. 5 - What is extranuclear inheritance? Describe three...Ch. 5 - Prob. 26CONQCh. 5 - Among different species, does extranuclear...Ch. 5 - Extranuclear inheritance often correlates with...Ch. 5 - Prob. 29CONQCh. 5 - Prob. 30CONQCh. 5 - Which of the following traits or diseases is (are)...Ch. 5 - Prob. 32CONQCh. 5 - 33. Describe how a biparental pattern of...Ch. 5 - Figure 5.1 describes an example of a maternal...Ch. 5 - 2. Discuss the types of experimental observations...Ch. 5 - Prob. 3EQCh. 5 - As a hypothetical example, a trait in mice results...Ch. 5 - You have a female snail that coils to the right,...Ch. 5 - Prob. 6EQCh. 5 - 7. Figure 5.6 describes the results of...Ch. 5 - Prob. 8EQCh. 5 - In the experiment of Figure 5.6, why does a clone...Ch. 5 - Prob. 10EQCh. 5 - 11. A variegated trait in plants is analyzed using...Ch. 5 - 1. Recessive maternal effect genes are identified...Ch. 5 - Prob. 2QSDC
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- Name and briefly describe two conditions that can arise from defects in the human mitochondrial electron transfer chain resulting from a genetic change.arrow_forwardConsider a gene in the mitochondrial genome that codes for a channel protein in the inner membrane that allows magnesium ions to travel freely across. If a mutation in that gene resulted in this protein allowing H+ to pass through it rather than magnesium, what would be the consequence for cellular respiration?arrow_forwardA principle of biology is that structure determines function.Explain how the invaginations of the inner mitochondrialmembrane are related to mitochondrial function.arrow_forward
- Proteins in the inner mitochondrial membrane are involved in which of the following processes? a. nucleotide synthesis b. OXPHOS c. autophagy d. NADH synthesisarrow_forwardMitochondria contain their own genetic material. Mitochondrialmutations are inherited from mother to child, without anycontribution from the father. Why?arrow_forwardProvide what is being asked 2. Mutations in the genes that encode certain mitochondrial proteins are associated with a high incidence of sometype of cancer. How might defective mitochondria lead to cancer?arrow_forward
- Explain why we expect mitochondria to have more mutations that are harmful to males than to females.arrow_forwardYou are conducting a study of comparing human, chlamydomonas and Cyanobacteria. Which is a protein found in both chlymydomoans and humans but not in Cyanobacteria. a) mitochondrial receptor protein b) atp synthase c) citrate synthase of citric acid cycle d) ribosome proteinarrow_forwardIn the 1930’s DNP was given to people to lose weight. DNP makes the mitochondrial membrane leaky to hydrogen ions. Why might this cause one to lose weight? Why would this cause death? How is this similar or different to cyanide which binds to complex IV in the mitochondria?arrow_forward
- The DNA located inside of mitochondria exhibits approximately ten times the mutation rate seen in nuclear DNA. Provide an explanation as to why this is the case and what are the effects of this higher mutation rate of mitochondrial DNA on disease processes?arrow_forwardYou homogenize liver cells and isolate vesicles derived from the endoplasmic reticulum. When their biochemistry is analyzed, they are found to contain oxygenases. a) From what type of ER are they derived from? b) Briefly explain the function of the ER they belongs to? c) What is the function of oxygenases?arrow_forwardWhen NADH and FADH2 are oxidized by the proteins in the electron transport chain, A) protons are pumped into the mitochondrial intermembrane space. B) hydrogen ions are pumped into the mitochondrial matrix. C) protons are pumped into the mitochondrial matrix. D) electrons are pumped into the cytoplasm.arrow_forward
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