BIOLOGY >PRINT UPGRADE<
11th Edition
ISBN: 9780357091586
Author: Solomon
Publisher: CENGAGE L
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Chapter 55.3, Problem 6LO
Discuss the roles of solar energy and the Coriolis effect in the generation of global air and water flow patterns.
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The three images below are snapshots of the atmospheric CO2 concentration in May, July, and September of a year. To interpret the CO2 concentration:
blue/green/yellow indicates lower to medium CO2 concentrations and red/maroon/pink indicates medium-high to highest CO2 concentrations.
Question: Which of the phenomena described below best explains why CO2 concentrations are lowest in the summer when compared to the
spring or fallI/winter?
2006 / 05 / 09
NASA
2006 / 07 / 12
Canon Den ano n n
Cat C m e
NASA
Global Medeling and Assinilten Offoe
Cate ae
2006 / 11 / 13
Gobal Modeling and Assimiation Ofice
NASA
O Higher rates of plant and algae growth in summer lead to higher photosynthesis rates
O Less fossil fuels are emitted by humans in the summer
O More cars are driven by humans in the summer
O Lower rates of plant and algae growth in summer lead to decreased rates of photosynthesis
The current concentration of CO2 in the atmosphere is about 415 ppmv. It has been estimated that annual anthropogenic additions to the atmosphere are about 30 gigatonnes (Gt), of which about 15 Gt are removed into oceans and the terrestrial environment. a) Use these values to estimate the yearly net increase in atmospheric carbon dioxide mixing ratio, in ppmv. (note that 1 Gt = 1015g)
Name three sources of atmospheric CO2
Chapter 55 Solutions
BIOLOGY >PRINT UPGRADE<
Ch. 55.1 - Summarize the concept of energy flow through a...Ch. 55.1 - Explain typical pyramids of numbers, biomass, and...Ch. 55.1 - Distinguish between gross primary productivity and...Ch. 55.1 - VISUALIZE Draw a diagram tracing energy flow...Ch. 55.1 - What are trophic levels, and how are they related...Ch. 55.1 - How do gross primary productivity (GPP) and net...Ch. 55.2 - Describe the main steps in each of these...Ch. 55.2 - What are the roles of the following processes in...Ch. 55.2 - VISUALIZE Draw a diagram showing the five steps in...Ch. 55.2 - How does the phosphorus cycle proceed without a...
Ch. 55.3 - Summarize the effects of solar energy on Earths...Ch. 55.3 - Discuss the roles of solar energy and the Coriolis...Ch. 55.3 - Give two causes of regional precipitation...Ch. 55.3 - Discuss the effects of fire on certain ecosystems.Ch. 55.3 - What basic forces determine the circulation of the...Ch. 55.3 - What basic forces produce the main ocean currents?Ch. 55.3 - Prob. 3CCh. 55.4 - Briefly describe some of the long-term ecological...Ch. 55.4 - Prob. 1CCh. 55 - The movement of matter is _______________ in...Ch. 55 - A complex of interconnected food chains in an...Ch. 55 - The quantitative estimate of the total amount of...Ch. 55 - Which of the following equations shows the...Ch. 55 - Which of the following processes increase(s) the...Ch. 55 - In the nitrogen cycle, gaseous nitrogen is...Ch. 55 - Test Your Understanding 7. The conversion of...Ch. 55 - Which biogeochemical cycle does not have a gaseous...Ch. 55 - Test Your Understanding 9. Which of the following...Ch. 55 - Test Your Understanding 10 The periodic warming of...Ch. 55 - Test Your Understanding 11 A mountain range may...Ch. 55 - VISUALIZE Draw the simplest stable ecosystem you...Ch. 55 - PREDICT How might a food web change if all...Ch. 55 - Why is the cycling of matter essential to the...Ch. 55 - What would happen to the nitrogen cycle if all...Ch. 55 - Test Your Understanding 16 Would the microclimate...Ch. 55 - Test Your Understanding 17 INTERPRET DATA Examine...Ch. 55 - INTERTRET DATA Scientists have compiled databases...Ch. 55 - SCIENCE, TECHNOLOGY, AND SOCIETY How do humans...
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- This is the Keeling Curve, the record of atmospheric CO2 as measured at Mauna Loa, Hawaii, over the last several decades. What do the small oscillations in this curve reflect? November 18, 2021 Carbon dioxide concentration at Mauna Loa Observatory 420 410 Full Record ending November 18, 2021 400 390 380 370 360 350 340 8 330 320 310 1960 2000 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2005 2010 2015 2020 O a. The change in the direction of ocean breezes over Hawaii b. Annual cycles, driven by the seasonal pattern of photosynthesis in the Northern Hemisphere O c. The episodic outgassing of the Mauna Loa volcano where the observatory is located d. Annual cycles, driven by CO2 incorporation into glaciers in winter Co, Concentration (ppm)arrow_forwardIllustrate and explain the following using a diagram: 1.Three ways in which water vapor enters the atmosphere in the water cycle.arrow_forwardUsing the information in the table above, evaluate the relative risk for poor outside air quality for the following pairs of locations in terms of the pollutant sources. Which one do you think would have better air quality? Why? i) small village vs. large city ii) cabin in a forest with a wood-burning stove vs. farmhouse in the middle of the prairiesarrow_forward
- Propose a reason why the CO2 fluxes are greater for terrestrial biological activity than for marine biological activity.arrow_forwardThe data in the table below was collected by researchers to investigate the oxygen concen- tration of water in a lake. Data was collected from the location in the lake at the same time every day repeatedly over a six-day period. Day A B n D 9.04 ppm Calculate the mean of the sample data. 0.63 ppm 1.65 ppm Day 1 1.12 ppm Day 2 Day 3 Day 4 Day 5 Day 6 Oxygen Concentration (ppm) 1.2 21 20 1.7 1.4 1.5arrow_forwardThere is growing support for the idea that as we warm the planet and spread fresh water over the North Atlantic from melting polar ice caps in the Arctic, we will slow down the conveyor belt circulation. What might happen to temperatures at: High Latitudes: At Mid and Low Latitudes:arrow_forward
- Discuss at least two advantages and two disadvantages of generating power from tidal and/or wave action. arrow_forwardOutline the modes of cycling water through the lithosphere, hydrosphere,and atmosphere.arrow_forwardExplain why a particle elutriator is not considered a particularly useful method for removing particles that cause health effects from an airstream.arrow_forward
- Discuss the five (5) factors that can affect auscultation.arrow_forwardDefine the problem: What problem are you trying to address as an environmental engineer? Explain the repercussions of this problem on the Kalba sea and the whole coastline area. Aside from marine organisms, who would be affected by this problem? Would you consider this oil spill to be particularly severe for taking place in summer during the month of August? Compare the effects of this oil spill if it were to take place in the month of February.arrow_forwardList any three important pollutant of air.arrow_forward
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