BIOLOGY >PRINT UPGRADE<
11th Edition
ISBN: 9780357091586
Author: Solomon
Publisher: CENGAGE L
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Chapter 6, Problem 11TYU
More than 500 genes have been identified in the human genome that code for protein kinases. What does such identification imply regarding the role of protein kinases in cellular functions? Explain your answer.
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Mutant tyrosine kinase signaling proteins are implicated in many types of human cancer. Hundreds of millions of dollars are required for the basic research and development of a new drug. Tyrosine kinase inhibitor drugs have been approved for cancer treatments by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration. What do you think would be some of the difficulties of finding these drugs given that similar kinases are active in normal cells? Do you think new medications of this type should be developed through government-sponsored research? Why or why not? If not, what alternatives do you propose?
If you have a protein kinase that is regulated by both small molecule inhibitors as well as by phosphorylation, and is part of a cooperative enzyme complex that works as part of a larger pathway involving kinase and GTPase proteins please explain where on this protein regulation could occur, how different types of inhibition could control the function of the protein as well as the function of the complex, and how the protein could regulate other proteins.
(This question was previously answered but it was answered incompletely mentioning an herbicide developed in the 1950's. Apparently, it was a plagiarized excerpt from an NCBI article. This is a repost for a full and complete answer. Thank you so much for your help! :) )
What is the function of a protein kinase? What amino acids are often phosphorylated by kinases?
Chapter 6 Solutions
BIOLOGY >PRINT UPGRADE<
Ch. 6.1 - Describe the four main processes essential for...Ch. 6.1 - What is the sequence of events that takes place in...Ch. 6.1 - Prob. 2CCh. 6.2 - Compare three types of signaling molecules:...Ch. 6.2 - Prob. 1CCh. 6.2 - Prob. 2CCh. 6.2 - Prob. 3CCh. 6.3 - Identify mechanisms that make reception a highly...Ch. 6.3 - Prob. 4LOCh. 6.3 - Prob. 1C
Ch. 6.3 - Prob. 2CCh. 6.3 - Prob. 3CCh. 6.3 - Prob. 4CCh. 6.4 - Prob. 5LOCh. 6.4 - Trace the sequence of events in signal...Ch. 6.4 - How is an extracellular signal converted to an...Ch. 6.4 - Prob. 2CCh. 6.4 - Prob. 3CCh. 6.5 - Prob. 7LOCh. 6.5 - Prob. 8LOCh. 6.5 - Prob. 1CCh. 6.5 - Prob. 2CCh. 6.5 - Prob. 3CCh. 6.6 - Cite evidence supporting a long evolutionary...Ch. 6.6 - Prob. 1CCh. 6 - During signal transduction (a) the cell converts...Ch. 6 - When a signaling molecule binds with a receptor,...Ch. 6 - G proteinlinked receptors (a) inactivate G...Ch. 6 - Prob. 4TYUCh. 6 - Prob. 5TYUCh. 6 - Calcium ions (a) can act as second messengers (b)...Ch. 6 - When growth hormone binds to an enzyme-linked...Ch. 6 - Scaffold proteins (a) release kinases and...Ch. 6 - Prob. 9TYUCh. 6 - Prob. 10TYUCh. 6 - More than 500 genes have been identified in the...Ch. 6 - Prob. 12TYUCh. 6 - Prob. 13TYUCh. 6 - EVOLUTION LINK Cell signaling in plant and animal...Ch. 6 - EVOLUTION LINK Some of the same G proteinlinked...Ch. 6 - Prob. 16TYU
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- Is it true human genome contains 518 kinase-encoding genes and 147 phosphataseencoding genes ?arrow_forwardSuppose that Protein J which is a hypothetical protein kinase receptor was determined to be related to the progression of cancer through its activation. It was also determined that the protein exists in the active and inactive forms. The said active form is highly similar to the Protein K's conformation. Ligands A, B, and C, which are lead inhibitor compounds, were optimized to inhibit Protein J. The affinities of the ligands are shown in the table. Kp values Active Protein J Inactive Protein J Protein K Ligand A 10 mM 20 nM 5 mM Ligand B 20 nM 10 mM 15 nM Ligand C 20 nM 15 nM 15 nM Question: a. Which of the ligands, based on the table, has the highest specificity in binding to the target Protein J?arrow_forwardSuppose that Protein J which is a hypothetical protein kinase receptor was determined to be related to the progression of cancer through its activation. It was also determined that the protein exists in the active and inactive forms. The said active form is highly similar to the Protein K's conformation. Ligands A, B, and C, which are lead inhibitor compounds, were optimized to inhibit Protein J. The affinities of the ligands are shown in the table. Kp values Active Protein J Inactive Protein J Protein K Ligand A 10 mM 20 nM 5 mM Ligand B 20 nM 10 mM 15 nM Ligand C 20 nM 15 nM 15 nM Question: Describe the relative binding affinities of Ligand A to Protein K and to the active and inactive forms of Protein J. Determine which will Ligand A bind with the highest, medium, and lowest affinity.arrow_forward
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