EBK CONCEPTS OF GENETICS
12th Edition
ISBN: 9780134818979
Author: Killian
Publisher: YUZU
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Chapter 6, Problem 28ESP
Bacterial conjugation, mediated mainly by conjugative plasmids such as F, represents a potential health threat through the sharing of genes for pathogenicity or antibiotic resistance. Given that more than 400 different species of bacteria coinhabit a healthy human gut and more than 200 coinhabit human skin, Francisco Dionisio [(2002) Genetics 162:1525–1532] investigated the ability of plasmids to undergo between-species conjugal transfer. The following data are presented for various species of the enterobacterial genus Escherichia. The data are presented as “log base 10” values; for example, –2.0 would be equivalent to 10–2 as a rate of transfer. Assume that all differences between values presented are statistically significant.
- (a) What general conclusion(s) can be drawn from these data?
- (b) In what species is within-species transfer most likely? In what species pair is between-species transfer most likely?
- (c) What is the significance of these findings in terms of human health?
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Which of the statements is TRUE about conjugation?
a)
Plasmid DNA is transferred from a donor (F+) cell
b)
It may only be performed by competent cells
c)
DNA is always integrated into recipient chromosome
d)
It may be specialized or generalized
In which of the four processes shown can material from a bacterial genome be transferred from one cell to another? Which are
forms of horizontal transmission? Place the answer(s) in the cell highlighting that process.
Partial genome
transfer by
DNA uptake
Transformation
Answer Bank
material from a
bacterial genome
horizontal gene transfer
Conjugation
Plasmids
Conjugation
Genome
Plasmid transfer during
conjugation
Partial genome transfer
during conjugation
Virus
Transduction
Transfer as part of viral genome
Assume that there are horizontal gene transfers between two completely different bacterial species. In one case it is a plasmid that is transmitted via conjugation, in the other case it is it is a part of the bacterial chromosome that is transferred via transformation. In which of the two cases is it likely that the transferred DNA will be present? left and can function in the recipient cells? Explain the biological background to your answer
Chapter 6 Solutions
EBK CONCEPTS OF GENETICS
Ch. 6 - When the interrupted mating technique was used...Ch. 6 - In a transformation experiment involving a...Ch. 6 - In complementation studies of the rII locus of...Ch. 6 - A 4-month-old infant had been running a moderate...Ch. 6 - Prob. 2CSCh. 6 - Prob. 3CSCh. 6 - Prob. 4CSCh. 6 - HOW DO WE KNOW? In this chapter, we have focused...Ch. 6 - Review the Chapter Concepts list on p. 123. Many...Ch. 6 - With respect to F+ and F bacterial matings, answer...
Ch. 6 - List all major differences between (a) the F+ F...Ch. 6 - Describe the basis for chromosome mapping in the...Ch. 6 - In general, when recombination experiments are...Ch. 6 - Why are the recombinants produced from an Hfr F...Ch. 6 - Describe the origin of F bacteria and merozygotes.Ch. 6 - In a transformation experiment, donor DNA was...Ch. 6 - Describe the role of heteroduplex formation during...Ch. 6 - Explain the observations that led Zinder and...Ch. 6 - Prob. 12PDQCh. 6 - Two theoretical genetic strains of a virus (abc...Ch. 6 - The bacteriophage genome consists of many genes...Ch. 6 - If a single bacteriophage infects one E. coli cell...Ch. 6 - A phage-infected bacterial culture was subjected...Ch. 6 - In recombination studies of the rII locus in phage...Ch. 6 - In an analysis of rII mutants, complementation...Ch. 6 - If further testing of the mutations in Problem 18...Ch. 6 - Using mutants 2 and 3 from Problem 19, following...Ch. 6 - During the analysis of seven rII mutations in...Ch. 6 - In studies of recombination between mutants 1 and...Ch. 6 - Prob. 23ESPCh. 6 - An Hfr strain is used to map three genes in an...Ch. 6 - A plaque assay is performed beginning with 1 mL of...Ch. 6 - In a cotransformation experiment, using various...Ch. 6 - For the experiment in Problem 26, another gene, g,...Ch. 6 - Bacterial conjugation, mediated mainly by...Ch. 6 - A study was conducted in an attempt to determine...
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Need a deep-dive on the concept behind this application? Look no further. Learn more about this topic, biology and related others by exploring similar questions and additional content below.Similar questions
- Which of the following statements is not applicable to conjugation? A) OF factors are transferrable plasmids passed from one cell to another during conjugation. B) O During conjugation, rolling circle replication transfers an F factor from an F+ cell to an F- cell. ) O An F factor acquired during conjugation will automatically be integrated into the recipient's chromosome. D) O Conjugation requires physical contact between cells via the formation of a sex pilus. E) O An Hfr strain is capable of transferring a portion of the chromosome during conjugation.arrow_forwardWhen an E. coli donor cell duplicates a strand of plasmid DNA, and passes this DNA strand to a recipient E. coli cell, without the use of naked DNA in solution or of a viral vector, this is: an example of horizontal gene transfer by means of lysogenic bacteriophages an example of horizontal gene transfer by means of lytic bacteriophages an example of horizontal gene transfer by means of transformation an example of horizontal gene transfer by means of transduction an example of horizontal gene transfer by means of conjugationarrow_forwardDescribe the 3 ways in which bacteria can transfer genetic material to each other via horizontal gene transfer. Be sure to explain the following: How is DNA transferred between bacteria, is there direct contact between bacteria and whether a plasmid is involved or not.arrow_forward
- In a P1 transduction experiment, the P1 lysate contains phages thatcarry pieces of the host chromosomal DNA, but the lysate also containsbroken pieces of chromosomal DNA. If a P1 lysate is used to transfer chromosomal DNA to another bacterium, how could you show experimentally that the recombinant bacterium has been transduced (i.e., has taken up a P1 phage with a piece of chromosomal DNA inside) versus transformed (i.e., has taken up a piece of chromosomal DNA that is not within a P1 phage coat)?arrow_forwardWith respect to F+ and F- bacterial matings, answer the following questions: (a) How was it established that physical contact between cells was necessary? (b) How was it established that chromosome transfer was unidirectional? (c) What is the genetic basis for a bacterium’s being F+?arrow_forwardNine rII− mutants of bacteriophage T4 were used inpairwise infections of E. coli K(λ) hosts. Six of themutations in these phages are point mutations; theother three are deletions. The ability of the doubly infected cells to produce progeny phages in large numbers is scored in the following chart.1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 91 − − + + − − − + +2 − + + − − − + +3 − − + − + − −4 − + − + − −5 − − − + +6 − − − −7 − + +8 − −9 −The same nine mutants were then used in pairwise infections of E. coli B hosts. The production of progenyphages that can subsequently lyse E. coli K(λ) hosts isnow scored. In the table, 0 means the progeny do notproduce any plaques on E. coli K(λ) cells; − meansthat only a very few progeny phages produce plaques;and + means that many progeny produce plaques(more than 10 times as many as in the − cases).1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 91 − + + + + − − + +2 − + + + + − + +3 0 − + 0 + + −4 − + − + + +5 − + − + +6 0 0 − +7 0 + +8 − +9 −a. Which of the mutants are the three deletions? Whatcriteria did…arrow_forward
- The figure below shows a partial chromosome map of an E. coli Hfr strain. Each mark = 10 minutes between conjugation transfer time. If transfer of genes begins at “*” relative to the origin of transfer, what is one of the predicted results from this map? It would take less than 30 minutes to transfer all of the genes that are shown. gal and azi will rarely be transferred together. gal and ton will rarely be transferred together. Ten minutes after transfer of ton, lac will be transferred. This strain will produce very few gal recombinants.arrow_forwardWhich of the following is NOT a mechanism by which plasmids inerease the possibility of being present in the new generation of cells? A) O They can be present at a high number so that some copies will end up in each new cell after cell division. B) O They encode traits such as antibiotic resistance that are required for growth in some environments. C) O They cause the cell to replicate much more rapidly than cells that do not have plasmids. D) O They may carry host survival genes and self-preservation genes.arrow_forwardHow can i explain my answers in depth in microbology for example this question: Assume that there are horizontal gene transfers between two completely different bacterial species. In one case it is a plasmid that is transferred via conjugation, in the other case it is a part of the bacterial chromosome that is transferred via transformation. In which of the two cases is it most likely that the transferred DNA will remain and be able to function in the recipient cells? Explain the biological background to your answer . How do I break down the question so I answer it fullyarrow_forward
- Two mutations that affect plaque morphology in phages (a− and b −) have been isolated. Phages carrying both mutations (a− b−) are mixed with wild-type phages (a+ b+) and added to a culture of bacterial cells. Once the phages have infected and lysed the bacteria, samples of the phage lysate are collected and cultured on plated bacteria. The following numbers of plaques are observed: Plaque phenotype Number a+ b+ 2043 a+ b− 320 a− b+ 357 a− b− 2134 What is the frequency of recombination between the a and b genes?arrow_forwardWhat is wrongly matched? A) None of the above B) Transfer of genetic material from 1 cell to --- conjugation. Another involving cell to cell contact C) Transfer of DNA from 1 cell to another by a Bacteriophage---Transduction D) Bacterial cell in which the F factor has become integrated---HFrarrow_forwardGonorrhea is a sexually transmissible disease (STD) caused by the bacterium Neiserria gonorrhoeae. In the 1940s, penicillin was introduced as an antibiotic to treat gonorrhea. In particular, the drug inhibits the formation of new cell walls in dividing bacterial cells, making new cells vulnerable to the human body's defences. However, a new strain of Neiserria gonorrhoeae was found that is capable of breaking down penicillin, making this strain resistant. The emergence of this new strain has been associated with instances of non-strict compliance of certain patients on the use of penicillin as well as the improper administration of the drug. Based on the information given, formulate a strategy that could help control this new strain.arrow_forward
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