General Chemistry
General Chemistry
7th Edition
ISBN: 9780073402758
Author: Chang, Raymond/ Goldsby
Publisher: McGraw-Hill College
bartleby

Videos

Question
Book Icon
Chapter 6, Problem 6.1QP
Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The given terms have to be defined.

Expert Solution & Answer
Check Mark

Explanation of Solution

System: System can be defined as portion of universe.  The physical and chemical changes of substance generally constitute a system.

There are types of system in thermodynamics namely,

  1. 1. Open system
  2. 2. Closed system
  3. 3. Isolated system

Surroundings: Surrounding can be defined as rest of universe other than the system.

Consider, the example of acid-base neutralization reaction,

The reactants HCl and NaOH are called as system. The container and water in which the reactants are dissolved are called as surroundings.

Open system: The free exchange of matter and energy with its surroundings is called as open system.  The exchange of matter in open system takes place either by addition of matter or removal of matter.  The exchange of energy is much more complicated than exchange of heat.  The exchange of energy takes place through heat and through work.

Closed system: The exchange of energy with its surroundings and not matter is called as closed system.  The transfer of energy is similar to that of open system

Isolated system: Either exchange of energy or matter takes place with the surroundings is called isolated system.

Thermal energy: It can be defined as internal energy that is seen in the system because of its temperature.  Thermal energy deals the unsystematic motion of atoms and molecules.  Its type of kinetic energy that is due to motion.  Thermal energy results in substance possessing an internal temperature, which can be measured.

Chemical energy: Chemical energy can be defined as the energy that is seen in the chemical bonds of atoms and molecules.  The chemical energy occurs as energy released during a chemical reaction.

Examples of matter containing chemical energy are,

  1. 1) Coal- Chemical energy is converted into light and heat.
  2. 2) Wood- Chemical energy is converted into light and heat. etc

Potential energy: The energy possessed by an object due to its relative point to some other object, stress surrounded by itself, its electric charge or any other external factor is called as potential energy.

Potential energy can be calculated using the formula,

P.E=mgh

Where m= mass, g=gravity due to acceleration and h=height.

Kinetic energy: The work that is required to accelerate a body of a given weight from rest to its velocity is called kinetic energy.  The kinetic energy of object is calculated by the formula,

K.E=12mv2

Where m= mass and v=velocity.

Law of conservation of energy: The first law of thermodynamics states that energy can be either destroyed or created but instead it can be converted from one form to other.  The first law of thermodynamics is modified version of law of conversion of energy for a thermodynamic system.  The total energy of system that is isolated is constant.

The equation for the first law of thermodynamics is given by,

U=Uf-Ui

Where U=total energy of the system

Uf = final energy

Ui = initial energy

Want to see more full solutions like this?

Subscribe now to access step-by-step solutions to millions of textbook problems written by subject matter experts!

Chapter 6 Solutions

General Chemistry

Ch. 6.5 - Prob. 4PECh. 6.5 - Prob. 1RCCh. 6.6 - Prob. 1PECh. 6.6 - Prob. 2PECh. 6.6 - Prob. 1RCCh. 6 - Prob. 6.1QPCh. 6 - Prob. 6.2QPCh. 6 - Prob. 6.3QPCh. 6 - Prob. 6.4QPCh. 6 - Prob. 6.5QPCh. 6 - Prob. 6.7QPCh. 6 - Prob. 6.8QPCh. 6 - Prob. 6.9QPCh. 6 - Prob. 6.10QPCh. 6 - Prob. 6.11QPCh. 6 - Prob. 6.12QPCh. 6 - 6. 13 The internal energy of an ideal gas depends...Ch. 6 - 6.14 Consider these changes. At constant...Ch. 6 - Prob. 6.15QPCh. 6 - Prob. 6.16QPCh. 6 - Prob. 6.17QPCh. 6 - Prob. 6.18QPCh. 6 - 6.19 Calculate the work done when 50.0 g of tin...Ch. 6 - Prob. 6.20QPCh. 6 - Prob. 6.21QPCh. 6 - Prob. 6.22QPCh. 6 - Prob. 6.23QPCh. 6 - Prob. 6.24QPCh. 6 - Prob. 6.25QPCh. 6 - 6.26 Determine the amount of heat (in kJ) given...Ch. 6 - Prob. 6.27QPCh. 6 - Prob. 6.28QPCh. 6 - Prob. 6.29QPCh. 6 - Prob. 6.30QPCh. 6 - Prob. 6.31QPCh. 6 - Prob. 6.32QPCh. 6 - Prob. 6.33QPCh. 6 - Prob. 6.34QPCh. 6 - Prob. 6.35QPCh. 6 - Prob. 6.36QPCh. 6 - Prob. 6.37QPCh. 6 - Prob. 6.38QPCh. 6 - Prob. 6.39QPCh. 6 - Prob. 6.40QPCh. 6 - Prob. 6.41QPCh. 6 - Prob. 6.42QPCh. 6 - Prob. 6.43QPCh. 6 - Prob. 6.44QPCh. 6 - Prob. 6.45QPCh. 6 - 6.46 The values of the two allotropes of oxygen,...Ch. 6 - 6.47 Which is the more negative quantity at 25°C: ...Ch. 6 - Prob. 6.48QPCh. 6 - Prob. 6.49QPCh. 6 - Prob. 6.50QPCh. 6 - Prob. 6.51QPCh. 6 - Prob. 6.52QPCh. 6 - Prob. 6.53QPCh. 6 - Prob. 6.54QPCh. 6 - Prob. 6.55QPCh. 6 - Prob. 6.56QPCh. 6 - Prob. 6.57QPCh. 6 - 6.58 The first step in the industrial recovery or...Ch. 6 - Prob. 6.59QPCh. 6 - Prob. 6.60QPCh. 6 - Prob. 6.61QPCh. 6 - Prob. 6.62QPCh. 6 - Prob. 6.63QPCh. 6 - Prob. 6.64QPCh. 6 - Prob. 6.65QPCh. 6 - Prob. 6.66QPCh. 6 - Prob. 6.67QPCh. 6 - Prob. 6.68QPCh. 6 - Prob. 6.69QPCh. 6 - Prob. 6.70QPCh. 6 - Prob. 6.71QPCh. 6 - Prob. 6.72QPCh. 6 - Prob. 6.73QPCh. 6 - Prob. 6.74QPCh. 6 - Prob. 6.75QPCh. 6 - Prob. 6.76QPCh. 6 - Prob. 6.77QPCh. 6 - Prob. 6.78QPCh. 6 - Prob. 6.79QPCh. 6 - Prob. 6.80QPCh. 6 - Prob. 6.81QPCh. 6 - Prob. 6.82QPCh. 6 - Prob. 6.83QPCh. 6 - Prob. 6.84QPCh. 6 - Prob. 6.85QPCh. 6 - Prob. 6.86QPCh. 6 - Prob. 6.87QPCh. 6 - Prob. 6.88QPCh. 6 - Prob. 6.89QPCh. 6 - Prob. 6.90QPCh. 6 - Prob. 6.91QPCh. 6 - Prob. 6.92QPCh. 6 - Prob. 6.93QPCh. 6 - Prob. 6.94QPCh. 6 - Prob. 6.95QPCh. 6 - Prob. 6.96QPCh. 6 - Prob. 6.97QPCh. 6 - Prob. 6.98QPCh. 6 - Prob. 6.100QPCh. 6 - Prob. 6.101QPCh. 6 - Prob. 6.102QPCh. 6 - Prob. 6.103QPCh. 6 - Prob. 6.104QPCh. 6 - Prob. 6.105QPCh. 6 - Prob. 6.106SPCh. 6 - Prob. 6.107SPCh. 6 - Prob. 6.109SPCh. 6 - Prob. 6.110SPCh. 6 - Prob. 6.111SPCh. 6 - Prob. 6.112SPCh. 6 - Prob. 6.113SPCh. 6 - Prob. 6.114SPCh. 6 - Prob. 6.115SPCh. 6 - Prob. 6.116SPCh. 6 - Prob. 6.117SPCh. 6 - Prob. 6.118SP
Knowledge Booster
Background pattern image
Chemistry
Learn more about
Need a deep-dive on the concept behind this application? Look no further. Learn more about this topic, chemistry and related others by exploring similar questions and additional content below.
Recommended textbooks for you
Text book image
Chemistry
Chemistry
ISBN:9781305957404
Author:Steven S. Zumdahl, Susan A. Zumdahl, Donald J. DeCoste
Publisher:Cengage Learning
Text book image
Chemistry
Chemistry
ISBN:9781259911156
Author:Raymond Chang Dr., Jason Overby Professor
Publisher:McGraw-Hill Education
Text book image
Principles of Instrumental Analysis
Chemistry
ISBN:9781305577213
Author:Douglas A. Skoog, F. James Holler, Stanley R. Crouch
Publisher:Cengage Learning
Text book image
Organic Chemistry
Chemistry
ISBN:9780078021558
Author:Janice Gorzynski Smith Dr.
Publisher:McGraw-Hill Education
Text book image
Chemistry: Principles and Reactions
Chemistry
ISBN:9781305079373
Author:William L. Masterton, Cecile N. Hurley
Publisher:Cengage Learning
Text book image
Elementary Principles of Chemical Processes, Bind...
Chemistry
ISBN:9781118431221
Author:Richard M. Felder, Ronald W. Rousseau, Lisa G. Bullard
Publisher:WILEY
The Laws of Thermodynamics, Entropy, and Gibbs Free Energy; Author: Professor Dave Explains;https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8N1BxHgsoOw;License: Standard YouTube License, CC-BY