(a) Interpretation: To determine the steps are in the reaction mechanism? Concept introduction: An energy diagram is a schematic representation of the energy changes that take place as reactants that are converted into products. An energy diagram indicates how readily a reaction can proceeds, how many steps are involved in the reaction, and how the energies of the reactants, products, and intermediates compare.

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Answer 1

Question

Chapter 6, Problem 6.46P

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation:

To determine the steps are in the reaction mechanism?

Concept introduction:

An energy diagram is a schematic representation of the energy changes that take place as reactants that are converted into products. An energy diagram indicates how readily a reaction can proceeds, how many steps are involved in the reaction, and how the energies of the reactants, products, and intermediates compare.

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation:

To label the Ea and ∆H^o for each step, and the ∆H^o _overall for the reaction

Concept introduction:

An energy diagram is a schematic representation of the energy changes that take place as reactants that are converted into products. An energy diagram indicates how readily a reaction can proceeds, how many steps are involved in the reaction, and how the energies of the reactants, products, and intermediates compare. The energy difference between the transition state and the starting material is called the energy of activation, symbolized by Ea. The larger the Ea, the greater the amount of energy that is needed to break bonds, and the slower the reaction rate.

The energy difference between the reactants and products is ∆H^o. Because the products are at lower energy than the reactants, this reaction is exothermic and energy is released.

Thus

Ea determines the height of the energy barrier.

∆H^o determines the relative position of the reactants and products

Interpretation Introduction

(c)

Interpretation:

To draw the structure of the transition state for each step and indicate its location on the energy diagram

Concept introduction:

An energy diagram is a schematic representation of the energy changes that take place as reactants that are converted into products. An energy diagram indicates how readily a reaction can proceeds, how many steps are involved in the reaction, and how the energies of the reactants, products, and intermediates compare. The energy difference between the transition state and the starting material is called the energy of activation, symbolized by Ea. The larger the Ea, the greater the amount of energy that is needed to break bonds, and the slower the reaction rate.

The energy difference between the reactants and products is ∆H^o. Because the products are at lower energy than the reactants, this reaction is exothermic and energy is released.

Thus

Ea determines the height of the energy barrier.

∆H^o determines the relative position of the reactants and products

Interpretation Introduction

(c)

Interpretation:

Predict the rate-determining step and explain it.

Concept introduction:

An energy diagram is a schematic representation of the energy changes that take place as reactants that are converted into products. An energy diagram indicates how readily a reaction can proceeds, how many steps are involved in the reaction, and how the energies of the reactants, products, and intermediates compare. The energy difference between the transition state and the starting material is called the energy of activation, symbolized by Ea. The larger the Ea, the greater the amount of energy that is needed to break bonds, and the slower the reaction rate.

The energy difference between the reactants and products is ∆H^o. Because the products are at lower energy than the reactants, this reaction is exothermic and energy is released.

Thus

Ea determines the height of the energy barrier.

∆H^o determines the relative position of the reactants and products

In a multistep mechanism, the step with the highest energy transition state is called the rate-determining step.

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Students have asked these similar questions

(b) Consider the reaction of 1-bromobutane with a large excess of ammonia (NH3). Draw the reactants, the transition state, andthe products. Note that the initial product is the salt of an amine (RNH3+ Br - ), which is deprotonated by the excess ammonia to give the amine.

Consider the following two-step reaction: a.How many bonds are broken and formed in Step [1]? Would you predict the ΔHo of Step [1] to be positive or negative? b.How many bonds are broken and formed in Step [2]? Would you predict the ΔHo of Step [2] to be positive or negative? c.Which step is rate-determining? d.Draw the structure for the transition state in both steps of the mechanism. e.If ΔHooverall is negative for this two-step reaction, draw an energy diagram illustrating all of the information in parts (a)–(d).

Draw an energy diagram for each reaction. Label the axes, the starting material, product, transition state, ?H°, and Ea.a. a concerted reaction with ?H° = –80 kJ/mol and Ea = 16 kJ/molb. a two-step reaction, A -> B ->C, in which the relative energy of the compounds is A < C < B, and the step A -> B is rate-determining.

Answer 2

Question

Chapter 6, Problem 6.46P

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation:

To determine the steps are in the reaction mechanism?

Concept introduction:

An energy diagram is a schematic representation of the energy changes that take place as reactants that are converted into products. An energy diagram indicates how readily a reaction can proceeds, how many steps are involved in the reaction, and how the energies of the reactants, products, and intermediates compare.

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation:

To label the Ea and ∆H^o for each step, and the ∆H^o _overall for the reaction

Concept introduction:

An energy diagram is a schematic representation of the energy changes that take place as reactants that are converted into products. An energy diagram indicates how readily a reaction can proceeds, how many steps are involved in the reaction, and how the energies of the reactants, products, and intermediates compare. The energy difference between the transition state and the starting material is called the energy of activation, symbolized by Ea. The larger the Ea, the greater the amount of energy that is needed to break bonds, and the slower the reaction rate.

The energy difference between the reactants and products is ∆H^o. Because the products are at lower energy than the reactants, this reaction is exothermic and energy is released.

Thus

Ea determines the height of the energy barrier.

∆H^o determines the relative position of the reactants and products

Interpretation Introduction

(c)

Interpretation:

To draw the structure of the transition state for each step and indicate its location on the energy diagram

Concept introduction:

An energy diagram is a schematic representation of the energy changes that take place as reactants that are converted into products. An energy diagram indicates how readily a reaction can proceeds, how many steps are involved in the reaction, and how the energies of the reactants, products, and intermediates compare. The energy difference between the transition state and the starting material is called the energy of activation, symbolized by Ea. The larger the Ea, the greater the amount of energy that is needed to break bonds, and the slower the reaction rate.

The energy difference between the reactants and products is ∆H^o. Because the products are at lower energy than the reactants, this reaction is exothermic and energy is released.

Thus

Ea determines the height of the energy barrier.

∆H^o determines the relative position of the reactants and products

Interpretation Introduction

(c)

Interpretation:

Predict the rate-determining step and explain it.

Concept introduction:

An energy diagram is a schematic representation of the energy changes that take place as reactants that are converted into products. An energy diagram indicates how readily a reaction can proceeds, how many steps are involved in the reaction, and how the energies of the reactants, products, and intermediates compare. The energy difference between the transition state and the starting material is called the energy of activation, symbolized by Ea. The larger the Ea, the greater the amount of energy that is needed to break bonds, and the slower the reaction rate.

The energy difference between the reactants and products is ∆H^o. Because the products are at lower energy than the reactants, this reaction is exothermic and energy is released.

Thus

Ea determines the height of the energy barrier.

∆H^o determines the relative position of the reactants and products

In a multistep mechanism, the step with the highest energy transition state is called the rate-determining step.

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Answer 3

Question

Chapter 6, Problem 6.46P

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation:

To determine the steps are in the reaction mechanism?

Concept introduction:

An energy diagram is a schematic representation of the energy changes that take place as reactants that are converted into products. An energy diagram indicates how readily a reaction can proceeds, how many steps are involved in the reaction, and how the energies of the reactants, products, and intermediates compare.

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation:

To label the Ea and ∆H^o for each step, and the ∆H^o _overall for the reaction

Concept introduction:

An energy diagram is a schematic representation of the energy changes that take place as reactants that are converted into products. An energy diagram indicates how readily a reaction can proceeds, how many steps are involved in the reaction, and how the energies of the reactants, products, and intermediates compare. The energy difference between the transition state and the starting material is called the energy of activation, symbolized by Ea. The larger the Ea, the greater the amount of energy that is needed to break bonds, and the slower the reaction rate.

The energy difference between the reactants and products is ∆H^o. Because the products are at lower energy than the reactants, this reaction is exothermic and energy is released.

Thus

Ea determines the height of the energy barrier.

∆H^o determines the relative position of the reactants and products

Interpretation Introduction

(c)

Interpretation:

To draw the structure of the transition state for each step and indicate its location on the energy diagram

Concept introduction:

An energy diagram is a schematic representation of the energy changes that take place as reactants that are converted into products. An energy diagram indicates how readily a reaction can proceeds, how many steps are involved in the reaction, and how the energies of the reactants, products, and intermediates compare. The energy difference between the transition state and the starting material is called the energy of activation, symbolized by Ea. The larger the Ea, the greater the amount of energy that is needed to break bonds, and the slower the reaction rate.

The energy difference between the reactants and products is ∆H^o. Because the products are at lower energy than the reactants, this reaction is exothermic and energy is released.

Thus

Ea determines the height of the energy barrier.

∆H^o determines the relative position of the reactants and products

Interpretation Introduction

(c)

Interpretation:

Predict the rate-determining step and explain it.

Concept introduction:

An energy diagram is a schematic representation of the energy changes that take place as reactants that are converted into products. An energy diagram indicates how readily a reaction can proceeds, how many steps are involved in the reaction, and how the energies of the reactants, products, and intermediates compare. The energy difference between the transition state and the starting material is called the energy of activation, symbolized by Ea. The larger the Ea, the greater the amount of energy that is needed to break bonds, and the slower the reaction rate.

The energy difference between the reactants and products is ∆H^o. Because the products are at lower energy than the reactants, this reaction is exothermic and energy is released.

Thus

Ea determines the height of the energy barrier.

∆H^o determines the relative position of the reactants and products

In a multistep mechanism, the step with the highest energy transition state is called the rate-determining step.

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Check out a sample textbook solution

See solution

Answer 4

Question

Chapter 6, Problem 6.46P

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation:

To determine the steps are in the reaction mechanism?

Concept introduction:

An energy diagram is a schematic representation of the energy changes that take place as reactants that are converted into products. An energy diagram indicates how readily a reaction can proceeds, how many steps are involved in the reaction, and how the energies of the reactants, products, and intermediates compare.

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation:

To label the Ea and ∆H^o for each step, and the ∆H^o _overall for the reaction

Concept introduction:

An energy diagram is a schematic representation of the energy changes that take place as reactants that are converted into products. An energy diagram indicates how readily a reaction can proceeds, how many steps are involved in the reaction, and how the energies of the reactants, products, and intermediates compare. The energy difference between the transition state and the starting material is called the energy of activation, symbolized by Ea. The larger the Ea, the greater the amount of energy that is needed to break bonds, and the slower the reaction rate.

The energy difference between the reactants and products is ∆H^o. Because the products are at lower energy than the reactants, this reaction is exothermic and energy is released.

Thus

Ea determines the height of the energy barrier.

∆H^o determines the relative position of the reactants and products

Interpretation Introduction

(c)

Interpretation:

To draw the structure of the transition state for each step and indicate its location on the energy diagram

Concept introduction:

An energy diagram is a schematic representation of the energy changes that take place as reactants that are converted into products. An energy diagram indicates how readily a reaction can proceeds, how many steps are involved in the reaction, and how the energies of the reactants, products, and intermediates compare. The energy difference between the transition state and the starting material is called the energy of activation, symbolized by Ea. The larger the Ea, the greater the amount of energy that is needed to break bonds, and the slower the reaction rate.

The energy difference between the reactants and products is ∆H^o. Because the products are at lower energy than the reactants, this reaction is exothermic and energy is released.

Thus

Ea determines the height of the energy barrier.

∆H^o determines the relative position of the reactants and products

Interpretation Introduction

(c)

Interpretation:

Predict the rate-determining step and explain it.

Concept introduction:

An energy diagram is a schematic representation of the energy changes that take place as reactants that are converted into products. An energy diagram indicates how readily a reaction can proceeds, how many steps are involved in the reaction, and how the energies of the reactants, products, and intermediates compare. The energy difference between the transition state and the starting material is called the energy of activation, symbolized by Ea. The larger the Ea, the greater the amount of energy that is needed to break bonds, and the slower the reaction rate.

The energy difference between the reactants and products is ∆H^o. Because the products are at lower energy than the reactants, this reaction is exothermic and energy is released.

Thus

Ea determines the height of the energy barrier.

∆H^o determines the relative position of the reactants and products

In a multistep mechanism, the step with the highest energy transition state is called the rate-determining step.

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Check out a sample textbook solution

See solution

Answer 5

Chapter 6, Problem 6.46P

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation:

To determine the steps are in the reaction mechanism?

Concept introduction:

An energy diagram is a schematic representation of the energy changes that take place as reactants that are converted into products. An energy diagram indicates how readily a reaction can proceeds, how many steps are involved in the reaction, and how the energies of the reactants, products, and intermediates compare.

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation:

To label the Ea and ∆H^o for each step, and the ∆H^o _overall for the reaction

Concept introduction:

An energy diagram is a schematic representation of the energy changes that take place as reactants that are converted into products. An energy diagram indicates how readily a reaction can proceeds, how many steps are involved in the reaction, and how the energies of the reactants, products, and intermediates compare. The energy difference between the transition state and the starting material is called the energy of activation, symbolized by Ea. The larger the Ea, the greater the amount of energy that is needed to break bonds, and the slower the reaction rate.

The energy difference between the reactants and products is ∆H^o. Because the products are at lower energy than the reactants, this reaction is exothermic and energy is released.

Thus

Ea determines the height of the energy barrier.

∆H^o determines the relative position of the reactants and products

Interpretation Introduction

(c)

Interpretation:

To draw the structure of the transition state for each step and indicate its location on the energy diagram

Concept introduction:

An energy diagram is a schematic representation of the energy changes that take place as reactants that are converted into products. An energy diagram indicates how readily a reaction can proceeds, how many steps are involved in the reaction, and how the energies of the reactants, products, and intermediates compare. The energy difference between the transition state and the starting material is called the energy of activation, symbolized by Ea. The larger the Ea, the greater the amount of energy that is needed to break bonds, and the slower the reaction rate.

The energy difference between the reactants and products is ∆H^o. Because the products are at lower energy than the reactants, this reaction is exothermic and energy is released.

Thus

Ea determines the height of the energy barrier.

∆H^o determines the relative position of the reactants and products

Interpretation Introduction

(c)

Interpretation:

Predict the rate-determining step and explain it.

Concept introduction:

An energy diagram is a schematic representation of the energy changes that take place as reactants that are converted into products. An energy diagram indicates how readily a reaction can proceeds, how many steps are involved in the reaction, and how the energies of the reactants, products, and intermediates compare. The energy difference between the transition state and the starting material is called the energy of activation, symbolized by Ea. The larger the Ea, the greater the amount of energy that is needed to break bonds, and the slower the reaction rate.

The energy difference between the reactants and products is ∆H^o. Because the products are at lower energy than the reactants, this reaction is exothermic and energy is released.

Thus

Ea determines the height of the energy barrier.

∆H^o determines the relative position of the reactants and products

In a multistep mechanism, the step with the highest energy transition state is called the rate-determining step.

Answer 6

Chapter 6, Problem 6.46P

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation:

To determine the steps are in the reaction mechanism?

Concept introduction:

An energy diagram is a schematic representation of the energy changes that take place as reactants that are converted into products. An energy diagram indicates how readily a reaction can proceeds, how many steps are involved in the reaction, and how the energies of the reactants, products, and intermediates compare.

Answer 7

Chapter 6, Problem 6.46P

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation:

To determine the steps are in the reaction mechanism?

Concept introduction:

An energy diagram is a schematic representation of the energy changes that take place as reactants that are converted into products. An energy diagram indicates how readily a reaction can proceeds, how many steps are involved in the reaction, and how the energies of the reactants, products, and intermediates compare.

Answer 8

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation:

To label the Ea and ∆H^o for each step, and the ∆H^o _overall for the reaction

Concept introduction:

An energy diagram is a schematic representation of the energy changes that take place as reactants that are converted into products. An energy diagram indicates how readily a reaction can proceeds, how many steps are involved in the reaction, and how the energies of the reactants, products, and intermediates compare. The energy difference between the transition state and the starting material is called the energy of activation, symbolized by Ea. The larger the Ea, the greater the amount of energy that is needed to break bonds, and the slower the reaction rate.

The energy difference between the reactants and products is ∆H^o. Because the products are at lower energy than the reactants, this reaction is exothermic and energy is released.

Thus

Ea determines the height of the energy barrier.

∆H^o determines the relative position of the reactants and products

Answer 9

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation:

To label the Ea and ∆H^o for each step, and the ∆H^o _overall for the reaction

Concept introduction:

An energy diagram is a schematic representation of the energy changes that take place as reactants that are converted into products. An energy diagram indicates how readily a reaction can proceeds, how many steps are involved in the reaction, and how the energies of the reactants, products, and intermediates compare. The energy difference between the transition state and the starting material is called the energy of activation, symbolized by Ea. The larger the Ea, the greater the amount of energy that is needed to break bonds, and the slower the reaction rate.

The energy difference between the reactants and products is ∆H^o. Because the products are at lower energy than the reactants, this reaction is exothermic and energy is released.

Thus

Ea determines the height of the energy barrier.

∆H^o determines the relative position of the reactants and products

Answer 10

Interpretation Introduction

(c)

Interpretation:

To draw the structure of the transition state for each step and indicate its location on the energy diagram

Concept introduction:

An energy diagram is a schematic representation of the energy changes that take place as reactants that are converted into products. An energy diagram indicates how readily a reaction can proceeds, how many steps are involved in the reaction, and how the energies of the reactants, products, and intermediates compare. The energy difference between the transition state and the starting material is called the energy of activation, symbolized by Ea. The larger the Ea, the greater the amount of energy that is needed to break bonds, and the slower the reaction rate.

The energy difference between the reactants and products is ∆H^o. Because the products are at lower energy than the reactants, this reaction is exothermic and energy is released.

Thus

Ea determines the height of the energy barrier.

∆H^o determines the relative position of the reactants and products

Answer 11

Interpretation Introduction

(c)

Interpretation:

To draw the structure of the transition state for each step and indicate its location on the energy diagram

Concept introduction:

An energy diagram is a schematic representation of the energy changes that take place as reactants that are converted into products. An energy diagram indicates how readily a reaction can proceeds, how many steps are involved in the reaction, and how the energies of the reactants, products, and intermediates compare. The energy difference between the transition state and the starting material is called the energy of activation, symbolized by Ea. The larger the Ea, the greater the amount of energy that is needed to break bonds, and the slower the reaction rate.

The energy difference between the reactants and products is ∆H^o. Because the products are at lower energy than the reactants, this reaction is exothermic and energy is released.

Thus

Ea determines the height of the energy barrier.

∆H^o determines the relative position of the reactants and products

Answer 12

Interpretation Introduction

(c)

Interpretation:

Predict the rate-determining step and explain it.

Concept introduction:

An energy diagram is a schematic representation of the energy changes that take place as reactants that are converted into products. An energy diagram indicates how readily a reaction can proceeds, how many steps are involved in the reaction, and how the energies of the reactants, products, and intermediates compare. The energy difference between the transition state and the starting material is called the energy of activation, symbolized by Ea. The larger the Ea, the greater the amount of energy that is needed to break bonds, and the slower the reaction rate.

The energy difference between the reactants and products is ∆H^o. Because the products are at lower energy than the reactants, this reaction is exothermic and energy is released.

Thus

Ea determines the height of the energy barrier.

∆H^o determines the relative position of the reactants and products

In a multistep mechanism, the step with the highest energy transition state is called the rate-determining step.

Answer 13

Interpretation Introduction

(c)

Interpretation:

Predict the rate-determining step and explain it.

Concept introduction:

An energy diagram is a schematic representation of the energy changes that take place as reactants that are converted into products. An energy diagram indicates how readily a reaction can proceeds, how many steps are involved in the reaction, and how the energies of the reactants, products, and intermediates compare. The energy difference between the transition state and the starting material is called the energy of activation, symbolized by Ea. The larger the Ea, the greater the amount of energy that is needed to break bonds, and the slower the reaction rate.

The energy difference between the reactants and products is ∆H^o. Because the products are at lower energy than the reactants, this reaction is exothermic and energy is released.

Thus

Ea determines the height of the energy barrier.

∆H^o determines the relative position of the reactants and products

In a multistep mechanism, the step with the highest energy transition state is called the rate-determining step.

Answer 14

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Answer 15

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Answer 16

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Answer 17

Ch. 6 - Prob. 6.1P Ch. 6 - By taking into account electronegativity...Ch. 6 - Use curved arrows to show the movement of...Ch. 6 - Prob. 6.4P Ch. 6 - Prob. 6.5P Ch. 6 - Prob. 6.6P Ch. 6 - aWhich Keq corresponds to a negative value of G,...Ch. 6 - Given each of the following values, is the...Ch. 6 - Given each of the following values, is the...Ch. 6 - The equilibrium constant for the conversion of the...

Solution Summary: The author explains that an energy diagram is a schematic representation of the energy changes that take place as reactants that are converted into products.

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Chapter 6 Solutions