EBK CAMPBELL BIOLOGY IN FOCUS
2nd Edition
ISBN: 8220101459299
Author: Reece
Publisher: PEARSON
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Chapter 6, Problem 8TYU
SCIENTIFIC INQUIRY
DRAW IT A researcher has developed an assay to measure the activity of an important enzyme present in liver cells growing in culture. She adds the enzyme’s substrate to a dish of cells and then measures the appearance of reaction products. The results are graphed as the amount of product on the y-axis versus time on the x-axis. The researcher notes four sections of the graph. For a short period of time, no products appear (section A). Then (section B) the reaction rate is quite high (the slope of the line is steep). Next, the reaction gradually slows down (section C). Finally, the graph line becomes flat (section D). Draw and label the graph, and propose a model to explain the molecular events occurring at each stage of this reaction profile.
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You design an experiment to explore the effects of enzyme concentration on the rate of glucose (product) production. In the experiment, you prepare 5 tubes with equal amounts of water and substrate but altered the amount of enzyme. Tube #1 did not have enzyme, Tube #2 had 100 mg of enzyme, Tube #3 had 200 mg of enzyme, Tube #4 had 300 mg of enzyme, Tube #5 had 400 mg of enzyme. The results are summarized in the graph.
Select all that apply.
Given enough time all tubes (#1-5) would reach 1100 mg/dL.
The substrate in tube #1 was denatured at 40 minutes.
The fastest rate of reaction was in Tube #4.
Adding more enzyme to Tube #5 at 40 minutes would produce more product.
Tube #4 and #5 have run out of substrate at 40 minutes.
In a highly high-temperature environment, you placed an enzyme and some substrates. You've seen that there hasn't been any reaction. Applying what you have learned on enzyme activity, how would you explain what occurred?
A. The enzyme was not placed at a pH level that would allow it to react at its maximum rate.
B. There are not enough enzymes for the reaction to occur.
C. The enzyme may have denatured or broken down due to the high temperature of the environment, resulting in no reaction.
D. There are not enough substrates for reaction to occur.
Substrate concentration affects enzyme activity. Determine what would occur when there are too many substrates and fewer enzymes?
A. No enzyme activity would occur.
B. The reaction rate would continuously increase.
C. The reaction would speed up tremendously.
D. Maximal rate of reaction would occur.
Enzyme activity mainly involves the active site and the substrate. How would you compare the active site from the substrate?
A. The substrate…
You undertake a research project with your favorite biology professor to analyze the behavior of an enzyme. You measure
the rate of product generated as a function of how much substrate is present, setting up 6 test tubes with increasing
concentrations of the substrate(s). You run three replicate experiments, one with no ATP in the tubes, one with a small
amount of ATP, one with an overabundance of ATP, and take the following measurements. The amount of enzyme is the
same in all tubes. Concentrations are indicated in mM (10³ moles/liter) or µM (106 moles/liter).
Accumulation of product in µM/sec
Substrate
concentration
(mm)
1
2
Rate of reaction
3
4
5
10
No ATP present
0.01
0
0
0.02
0
0.01
5 mM ATP present
1
4
7
8
8.4
8.7
Graph these data on the three axes provided below and answer the questions that follow.
10
100 mM ATP present
0.1
0.2
0.5
1
2
4
C. Could this enzyme be phosphofructokinase? Why or why not?
Concentration of the enzymes substrate (mm)
A. What can you conclude about the…
Chapter 6 Solutions
EBK CAMPBELL BIOLOGY IN FOCUS
Ch. 6.1 - MAKE CONNECTIONS How does the second law of...Ch. 6.1 - Describe the forms of energy found in an apple as...Ch. 6.2 - Cellular respiration uses glucose and oxygen,...Ch. 6.2 - Prob. 2CCCh. 6.2 - Prob. 3CCCh. 6.3 - How does ATP typically transfer energy from...Ch. 6.3 - Prob. 2CCCh. 6.3 - MAKE CONNECTIONS Does Figure 6.10a show passive or...Ch. 6.4 - Many spontaneous reactions occur very slowly. Why...Ch. 6.4 - Why do enzymes act only on very specific...
Ch. 6.4 - WHAT IF? Malonate is an inhibitor of the enzyme...Ch. 6.5 - How do an activator and an inhibitor have...Ch. 6 - Choose the pair of terms that correctly completes...Ch. 6 - Prob. 2TYUCh. 6 - Which of the following metabolic processes can...Ch. 6 - If an enzyme in solution is saturated with...Ch. 6 - Some bacteria are metabolically active in hot...Ch. 6 - If an enzyme is added to a solution where its...Ch. 6 - DRAW IT Using a series of arrows, draw the...Ch. 6 - SCIENTIFIC INQUIRY DRAW IT A researcher has...Ch. 6 - SCIENCE, TECHNOLOGY, AND SOCIETY Organophosphates...Ch. 6 - FOCUS ON EVOLUTION A recent revival of the...Ch. 6 - FOCUS ON ENERGY AND MATTER Life requires energy....Ch. 6 - SYNTHESIZE YOUR KNOWLEDGE Explain what is...
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Need a deep-dive on the concept behind this application? Look no further. Learn more about this topic, biology and related others by exploring similar questions and additional content below.Similar questions
- cells can regulate different processes in two ways. they can turn on and off the genes that make enzymes, or they can: A. decrease the amount of energy needed to carry out the preferred process B. increase the activation energy of a reaction C. regulate the enzymes that are already made D. increase the amount of energy needed to carry out the preferred processarrow_forwardDescribe what is happening at the low, middle, and high points in the graph you made on the previous page. Be sure to use your knowledge of enzymes to explain the results of the experiment.arrow_forwardStep 1: Depict E + S • Draw an enzyme and one substrate. Show and label the substrate binding site on the enzyme. Step 2: Depict ES • Draw the enzyme bound to the substrate in the substrate binding site. Step 3: Depict EP • Draw the enzyme bound to the product (the changed substrate). Step 4: Depict E + P • Draw the enzyme with the product released. (Note: the enzyme is returned to its original state and can be reused.) Step 5: Impact of Inhibitors • Go to the prompts that have arrows pointing to the E + S picture you drew and fill in the blanks with the appropriate type of inhibitor (competitive or non-competitive/allosteric).arrow_forward
- The image shows the rate of an enzyme reaction under conditions of no inhibition, competitive inhibition, and noncompetitive inhibition as reactions labeled uninhibited, A, and B. Which of the following best explains what has occurred in the enzyme reactions? Reaction B shows competitive inhibition, where increased substrate competes with inhibitors for the active site. Reaction A shows noncompetitive inhibition, where increased substrate competes with inhibitors for the active site. Reaction A shows competitive inhibition, where increased substrate does not affect the enzyme’s binding with the inhibitor. Reaction B shows noncompetitive inhibition, where increased substrate does not affect the enzyme’s binding with the inhibitor.arrow_forwardConsider the Michaelis-Menten enzymes below and answer the following questions. Kcat (s') 9.5*105 1.4*10* 2.5*102 1.0*107 5.0*10 8.0*10² Enzyme Km (M) A В a. Which enzyme has the highest affinity substrate? How do you know? b. Which enzyme can convert the most substrate to product in a given period of time? How do you know? c. Which enzyme has the highest catalytic efficiency? How do you know?arrow_forwarddraw the enzyme binding pocket and active site draw the curved arrows showing the reaction proceeding toward the products show how the enzyme facilitates the reaction write a description of how the enzyme works Propose a name for the enzyme based on the rules from classarrow_forward
- A technician investigated the effect of temperature on the rate of an enzyme- controlled reaction. At each temperature, she started the reaction using the same concentration of substrate. 15 amount of 37 C product in 11. Give one other factors the technician would have controlled. 10 60 "C 12. Explain the difference in the initial rate of reaction at 60°C and 37°C. 13. Explain the difference in the rates of reaction at 60°C and 37°C between 20 and 10 20 30 Time after start of reaction i minutes 40 minutes.arrow_forwardThe diagram shows the mechanism of a general enzyme‑catalyzed reaction. Put the labels in the correct locations. The abbreviations E, P and S indicate the enzyme, product, and substrate, respectively.arrow_forwardYou have cloned a gene for an enzyme in E.coli and want to increase its catalytic activity. Describe how you would achieve this if you know the DNA sequence of the gene but not the regions of the enzyme that are important for its catalytic activityarrow_forward
- Which of the following describes a reaction that requires substrate 1 to bind the the enzyme, then substrate 2 binds, and then the products are produced? A. No ternary complex B. Ordered ternary complex C. Ping-Pong D. Random ternary complexarrow_forwardExamine the figure below, which compares the energetics of a catalyzed and uncatalyzed reaction during the progress of the reaction from substrate (S) to product (P). The highest peak in such a diagram corresponds to the transition state, which is an unstable, high-energy arrangement of substrate atoms that is intermediate between substrate and product. The free energy required to surmount this barrier to the reaction is termed the activation energy. Enzymes function by lowering the activation energy, thereby allowing a more rapid approach to equilibrium. UNCATALYZED activation energy progress of reaction CATALYZED activation energy S ES | progress of reaction free energy free energyarrow_forwardLeia wants to determine the effect of enzyme concentration on enzyme activity using potato samples and hydrogen peroxide. However, her results do not follow the theoretical trend and thus she can't draw any conclusions from the data obtained. What might have caused errors in the experiment? I. Placing potato samples under room temperature II. Different treatments, with potato being proportional to the volume of hydrogen peroxide III. Placed the same amount of hydrogen peroxide for a different amount of potatoes IV. Placed the same amount of potatoes for a different volume of hydrogen peroxidearrow_forward
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