Microbiology: An Evolving Science (Fourth Edition)
4th Edition
ISBN: 9780393615098
Author: John W. Foster, Joan L. Slonczewski
Publisher: W. W. Norton & Company
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Chapter 6.4, Problem 2TQ
Summary Introduction
To review :
Evolution of resistance against the CRISPR(clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats) host defense in the phage.
Introduction:
CRISPR is an immune system possessed by the bacteria. This is an adaptive defense system against viruses. It is analogous to the adaptive immunity present in humans. It involves short DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid) sequence which is homologous to the DNA of phages that could infect the cell. These sequences are termed as CRISPR.
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With regard to the CRISPR-Cas system that defends bacteriaagainst bacteriophage attack, what happens during the adaptation,expression, and interference phases? When a bacterium is exposed toa particular bacteriophage, is the adaptation phase always necessary?
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Microbiology: An Evolving Science (Fourth Edition)
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- How does the CRISPR system target nucleic acid of an invading phage for destruction?arrow_forwardWhy was the type II CRISPR-Cas9 system of S. pyogenes selected by several scientists as a model to learn how the CRISPR-Cas mechanism works?arrow_forwardDoes CRISPR CAS9 as a defense in bacteria only work for double stranded viral DNA? or any type of stranded DNA/RNA?arrow_forward
- Does the Hershey and Chase experiment rule out the possibility that RNA is the genetic material of T2 phage? Explain. If it does not, redesign the experiments of Hershey and Chase to distinguish between DNA and RNA in the T2 phage.arrow_forwardWhy is phage conversion considered beneficial to host cells?arrow_forwardWhy is the CRISPR-Cas system of bacteria considered an adaptiveimmunity rather than an innate immunity?arrow_forward
- One of the reasons why phage therapy has not been applied widely is that bacteria can become resistant to bacteriophages as well, through mutations in genes encoding for specific proteins. What would be a protein in the bacterial cell that, if mutated, would make that cell resistant to phage infection?arrow_forwardCRISPR has been well and truly deployed in the fight against COVID-19, but what potential does it hold in controlling this and future pandemics?arrow_forwardWhat is meant by the term site-specific recombination as used in identifying the processes that lead to the integration of temperate bacteriophages into host bacterial chromosomes during lysogeny or to the formation of specialized transducing phage?arrow_forward
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