Physics for Scientists and Engineers: Foundations and Connections
15th Edition
ISBN: 9781305289963
Author: Debora M. Katz
Publisher: Cengage Custom Learning
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Chapter 7, Problem 15PQ
When Sedna was discovered in 2003, it was the most distant object known to orbit the Sun. Currently, it is moving toward the inner solar system. Its period is 10,500 years. Its perihelion distance is 75 AU. a. What is its semimajor axis in astronomical units? b. What is its aphelion distance?
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Chapter 7 Solutions
Physics for Scientists and Engineers: Foundations and Connections
Ch. 7.1 - What important experimental skills can we learn...Ch. 7.2 - Three possible planetary orbits are shown in...Ch. 7.2 - Prob. 7.3CECh. 7.2 - Prob. 7.4CECh. 7.2 - Todays employees are rewarded for thinking outside...Ch. 7 - We use the terms sunset and sunrise. In what way...Ch. 7 - Prob. 2PQCh. 7 - For many years, astronomer Percival Lowell...Ch. 7 - Prob. 4PQCh. 7 - Prob. 5PQ
Ch. 7 - Io and Europa are two of Jupiters many moons. The...Ch. 7 - Model the Moons orbit around the Earth as an...Ch. 7 - Prob. 8PQCh. 7 - Prob. 9PQCh. 7 - Prob. 10PQCh. 7 - Prob. 11PQCh. 7 - Prob. 12PQCh. 7 - A massive black hole is believed to exist at the...Ch. 7 - Since 1995, hundreds of extrasolar planets have...Ch. 7 - When Sedna was discovered in 2003, it was the most...Ch. 7 - Prob. 16PQCh. 7 - The mass of the Earth is approximately 5.98 1024...Ch. 7 - Prob. 18PQCh. 7 - Prob. 19PQCh. 7 - A black hole is an object with mass, but no...Ch. 7 - Prob. 21PQCh. 7 - Prob. 22PQCh. 7 - The Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter (LRO), with mass...Ch. 7 - A Suppose a planet with mass m is orbiting star...Ch. 7 - Prob. 25PQCh. 7 - Three billiard balls, the two-ball, the four-ball,...Ch. 7 - Saturns ring system forms a relatively thin,...Ch. 7 - Prob. 28PQCh. 7 - Find the magnitude of the Suns gravitational force...Ch. 7 - Prob. 30PQCh. 7 - Prob. 31PQCh. 7 - Prob. 32PQCh. 7 - Prob. 33PQCh. 7 - Prob. 34PQCh. 7 - Prob. 35PQCh. 7 - In your own words, describe the difference between...Ch. 7 - The Sun has a mass of approximately 1.99 1030 kg....Ch. 7 - Prob. 38PQCh. 7 - Prob. 39PQCh. 7 - Prob. 40PQCh. 7 - Three billiard balls, the two-ball, the four-ball,...Ch. 7 - Prob. 42PQCh. 7 - Prob. 43PQCh. 7 - Prob. 44PQCh. 7 - Figure P7.45 shows a picture of American astronaut...Ch. 7 - Prob. 46PQCh. 7 - Prob. 47PQCh. 7 - Prob. 48PQCh. 7 - Prob. 49PQCh. 7 - Prob. 50PQCh. 7 - The International Space Station (ISS) experiences...Ch. 7 - Prob. 52PQCh. 7 - Two black holes (the remains of exploded stars),...Ch. 7 - Prob. 54PQCh. 7 - Prob. 55PQCh. 7 - Consider the Earth and the Moon as a two-particle...Ch. 7 - Prob. 57PQCh. 7 - Consider the Earth and the Moon as a two-particle...Ch. 7 - Prob. 59PQCh. 7 - You are a planetary scientist studying the...Ch. 7 - Prob. 61PQCh. 7 - Prob. 62PQCh. 7 - Planetary orbits are often approximated as uniform...Ch. 7 - Prob. 64PQCh. 7 - Prob. 65PQCh. 7 - Prob. 66PQCh. 7 - Prob. 67PQCh. 7 - Prob. 68PQCh. 7 - Prob. 69PQCh. 7 - Prob. 70PQ
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- 2. The planet Jupiter has an orbital period of 4332.8 days, and its greatest distance (aphelion distance) from the Sun is 5.455 AU {where 1 AU = 1 Astronomical Unit = 1.496x10'' m}. The mass of the planet Jupiter is 1.898x1027 kg and the mass of the Sun is 1.988x1030 kg. {G = 6.67x10'" Nm/kg?) (a) Calculate the perihelion distance (closest distance) in Astronomical Units (AU) of the planet Jupiter from the Sun. (b) Calculate the eccentricity of planet Jupiter's orbit around the Sun. (c) Calculate the smallest speed of planet Jupiter around the Sun in km/s. At what point in Jupiter's orbit does Jupiter have its smallest speed?arrow_forwardUsing Kepler’s Third Law (r3 = MT2 where M is the mass of the central star) find the orbital radius in astronomical units of this planet. M = 1.5 times the mass of the sun. Remember to convert days to years using 365.25 as the length of a year in days. Key Points to know: - The semimajor axis of the planet in AU is r = 0.0379 AU - The circumference of the orbit is l = 3.562 x 10^10 m - The orbital velocity in m/s is v = 1.874 x 10^5 m/s Questions that need to be answered: - With that orbital velocity, the radius of the orbit in meters, find the centripetal acceleration of our exoplanet: - Knowing the acceleration that our planet experiences, calculate the force that the host star exerts on the planet: - Knowing the force on the planet, the orbital radius, and the mass of the parent star, use the equation for gravitational force to find the mass of our planet (m2). (To get m1 in kg multiply the mass of the star in solar masses by 1.98 x 1030).arrow_forward1. Which planetary model allows a scientist to predict the exact positions of the planets in the night sky over many years? 2. Which object orbits Earth in both the Earth – centered (geocentric) and Sun – centered (heliocentric) models of our solar system? 3. What is the actual shape of the Earth’s orbit around the Sun?arrow_forward
- Use Kepler's 3rd Law and the small angle approximation. a) An object is located in the solar system at a distance from the Sun equal to 41 AU's . What is the objects orbital period? b) An object seen in a telescope has an angular diameter equivalent to 41 (in units of arc seconds). What is its linear diameter if the object is 250 million km from you? Draw a labeled diagram of this situation.arrow_forward1. The diameter of the Sun is equal to 1.392*10^9 m, and the distance from the Sun to Saturnis equal to 9.5 AU. Suppose you want to build an exact scale model of the solar system,and you are using a volleyball with average diameter of 21 cm to represent the Sun. a) In your scale model, how far away would Saturn be from the Sun? Give your answer inmeters.b) The actual diameter of Saturn is 116,460 km. What would be Saturn’s diameter in yourscale model? Give your answer in centimeters.arrow_forwardSaturn has an orbital period of 29.6 years. Explain how to calculate the average distance from the saturn to the sunarrow_forward
- Kepler’s third law says that the orbital period (in years) is proportional to the square root of the cube of the mean distance (in AU) from the Sun (Pa1.5) . For mean distances from 0.1 to 32 AU, calculate and plot a curve showing the expected Keplerian period. For each planet in our solar system, look up the mean distance from the Sun in AU and the orbital period in years and overplot these data on the theoretical Keplerian curve.arrow_forwardVenus orbits 0.72 AU from the Sun. What is that distance in kilometers? (Hint: See Problem 3.)arrow_forwardExoplanets in eccentric orbits experience large temperature swings during their orbits. Suppose you had to plan for a mission to such a planet. Based on Kepler’s second law, does the planet spend more time closer or farther from the star? Explain.arrow_forward
- Which major planet has the largest . . . A. semimajor axis? B. average orbital speed around the Sun? C. orbital period around the Sun? D. eccentricity?arrow_forwardBarnard’s Star, the second closest star to us, is about 56 trillion (5.61012) km away. Calculate how far it would be using the scale model of the solar system given in Overview of Our Planetary System.arrow_forwardIf you lived on Mars, which planets would describe retrograde loops? Which would never be visible as crescent phases?arrow_forward
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Kepler's Three Laws Explained; Author: PhysicsHigh;https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kyR6EO_RMKE;License: Standard YouTube License, CC-BY