Physics for Scientists and Engineers: Foundations and Connections
15th Edition
ISBN: 9781305289963
Author: Debora M. Katz
Publisher: Cengage Custom Learning
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Chapter 7, Problem 3PQ
For many years, astronomer Percival Lowell searched for a “Planet X” that might explain some of the perturbations observed in the orbit of Uranus. These perturbations were later explained when the masses of the outer planets and planetoids, particularly Neptune, became better measured (Voyager 2). At the time, however, Lowell had proposed the existence of a Planet X that orbited the Sun with a mean distance of 43 AU. With what period would this Planet X orbit the Sun?
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Chapter 7 Solutions
Physics for Scientists and Engineers: Foundations and Connections
Ch. 7.1 - What important experimental skills can we learn...Ch. 7.2 - Three possible planetary orbits are shown in...Ch. 7.2 - Prob. 7.3CECh. 7.2 - Prob. 7.4CECh. 7.2 - Todays employees are rewarded for thinking outside...Ch. 7 - We use the terms sunset and sunrise. In what way...Ch. 7 - Prob. 2PQCh. 7 - For many years, astronomer Percival Lowell...Ch. 7 - Prob. 4PQCh. 7 - Prob. 5PQ
Ch. 7 - Io and Europa are two of Jupiters many moons. The...Ch. 7 - Model the Moons orbit around the Earth as an...Ch. 7 - Prob. 8PQCh. 7 - Prob. 9PQCh. 7 - Prob. 10PQCh. 7 - Prob. 11PQCh. 7 - Prob. 12PQCh. 7 - A massive black hole is believed to exist at the...Ch. 7 - Since 1995, hundreds of extrasolar planets have...Ch. 7 - When Sedna was discovered in 2003, it was the most...Ch. 7 - Prob. 16PQCh. 7 - The mass of the Earth is approximately 5.98 1024...Ch. 7 - Prob. 18PQCh. 7 - Prob. 19PQCh. 7 - A black hole is an object with mass, but no...Ch. 7 - Prob. 21PQCh. 7 - Prob. 22PQCh. 7 - The Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter (LRO), with mass...Ch. 7 - A Suppose a planet with mass m is orbiting star...Ch. 7 - Prob. 25PQCh. 7 - Three billiard balls, the two-ball, the four-ball,...Ch. 7 - Saturns ring system forms a relatively thin,...Ch. 7 - Prob. 28PQCh. 7 - Find the magnitude of the Suns gravitational force...Ch. 7 - Prob. 30PQCh. 7 - Prob. 31PQCh. 7 - Prob. 32PQCh. 7 - Prob. 33PQCh. 7 - Prob. 34PQCh. 7 - Prob. 35PQCh. 7 - In your own words, describe the difference between...Ch. 7 - The Sun has a mass of approximately 1.99 1030 kg....Ch. 7 - Prob. 38PQCh. 7 - Prob. 39PQCh. 7 - Prob. 40PQCh. 7 - Three billiard balls, the two-ball, the four-ball,...Ch. 7 - Prob. 42PQCh. 7 - Prob. 43PQCh. 7 - Prob. 44PQCh. 7 - Figure P7.45 shows a picture of American astronaut...Ch. 7 - Prob. 46PQCh. 7 - Prob. 47PQCh. 7 - Prob. 48PQCh. 7 - Prob. 49PQCh. 7 - Prob. 50PQCh. 7 - The International Space Station (ISS) experiences...Ch. 7 - Prob. 52PQCh. 7 - Two black holes (the remains of exploded stars),...Ch. 7 - Prob. 54PQCh. 7 - Prob. 55PQCh. 7 - Consider the Earth and the Moon as a two-particle...Ch. 7 - Prob. 57PQCh. 7 - Consider the Earth and the Moon as a two-particle...Ch. 7 - Prob. 59PQCh. 7 - You are a planetary scientist studying the...Ch. 7 - Prob. 61PQCh. 7 - Prob. 62PQCh. 7 - Planetary orbits are often approximated as uniform...Ch. 7 - Prob. 64PQCh. 7 - Prob. 65PQCh. 7 - Prob. 66PQCh. 7 - Prob. 67PQCh. 7 - Prob. 68PQCh. 7 - Prob. 69PQCh. 7 - Prob. 70PQ
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- Io, a satellite of Jupiter, has an orbital period of 1.77 days and an orbital radius of 4.22 105 km. From these data, determine the mass of Jupiter.arrow_forwardA minimum-energy transfer orbit to an outer planet consists of putting a spacecraft on an elliptical trajectory with the departure planet corresponding to the perihelion of the ellipse, or the closest point to the Sun, and the arrival planet at the aphelion, or the farthest point from the Sun. (Assume the orbital radius of the Earth is 1.50 1011 m, and the orbital radius of Mars is 2.28 1011 m.) (a) Use Kepler's third law to calculate how long it would take to go from Earth to Mars on such an orbit as shown in the figure above. yr(b) Can such an orbit be undertaken at any time? Yes or No Explain.arrow_forwardIf the radius of Mercury is ~2,440 km, what is the required tangential orbital velocity needed to maintain a 100 kg satellite 1,500 km from the planet’s surface? (The mass of Mercury is Mm = 3.3 x 1023 kg)arrow_forward
- What was the cause of perturbations discovered in the orbit of planet Uranus?arrow_forwardOn February 7, 1999, NASA launched a spacecraft with the ambitious mission of making a close encounter with a comet, collecting samples from its tail, and returning the samples to Earth for analysis. This spacecraft, appropriately named Stardust, took almost five years to rendezvous with its objective-comet Wild 2 (pronounced "Vilt 2")-and another two years to return its samples. The reason for the long round trip is that the spacecraft had to make three orbits around the Sun, and also an Earth Gravity Assist (EGA) flyby, to increase its speed enough to put it in an orbit appropriate for the encounter.When Stardust finally reached comet Wild 2 on January 2, 2004, it flew within 147 miles of the comet's nucleus, snapping pictures and collecting tiny specks of dust in the glistening coma. The approach speed between the spacecraft and the comet at the encounter was a relatively "slow" 6200 m/s, so that dust particles could be collected safely without destroying the vehicle. Note that…arrow_forwardAn object of mass m is launched from a planet of mass M and radius R. Calculate this minimum launch speed (called the escape speed), in meters per second, for a planet of mass M = 2 × 1023 kg and R = 78 × 102 km.arrow_forward
- Orbital Radius and orbital period data for the four biggest moons of Jupiter are listed in the table below. The mass of the planet Jupiter is 1.9 × 1027 kg. Jupiter's Moon Period (s) Radius (m) T2/r3 Io 1.53×105 4.2×108 ? Europa 3.07×105 6.7×108 ? Ganymede 6.18×105 1.1×109 ? Callisto 1.44×106 1.9×109 ? What pattern do you observe in the last column of data? Which law of Kepler's does this seem to support?arrow_forwardWhat is the escape speed from a planet of mass M = 3.1 x 1023 kg and radius R = 2.6 x 106 m? Write the answer in terms of km/s.arrow_forwardCalculate the escape velocity from the surface of a world with mass 7.40 x 10^24kg and radius 7.00 x 10^3arrow_forward
- If you doubled the mass and doubled the radius of a planet, by what factor would g at its surface change?arrow_forwardThe free-fall acceleration on the surface of Uranus is about equal to that on the surface of the Earth. The radius of Uranus is about 3.50 RE (RE = Earth's radius = 6.4 106 m). Find the ratio of their average densities, ρUranus/ρEarth.arrow_forwardAn object of mass mm is launched from a planet of mass MM and radius RR. a) Derive and enter an expression for the minimum launch speed needed for the object to escape gravity, i.e. to be able to just reach r=∞. b) Calculate this minimum launch speed (called the escape speed), in meters per second, for a planet of mass M=2.73×1023kg and R=86.2×103km.arrow_forward
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