Entamoeba histolytica and Giardia lamblia were isolated from the stool sample of a 45-year-old man, and Shigella sonnei was isolated from the stool sample of an 18-year-old woman. Both patients experienced diarrhea and severe abdominal cramps, and prior to onset of digestive symptoms both had been treated by the same chiropractor. The chiropractor had administered colonic irrigations (enemas) to these patients. The device used for this treatment was a gravity-dependent apparatus using 12 liters of tap water. There were no check valves to prevent backflow, so all parts of the apparatus could have become contaminated with feces during each colonic treatment. The chiropractor provided colonic treatment to four or five patients per day. Between patients, the adaptor piece that is inserted into the rectum was placed in a “hot-water sterilizer.”
What two errors were made by the chiropractor?
Want to see the full answer?
Check out a sample textbook solutionChapter 7 Solutions
Microbiology: An Introduction (13th Edition)
Additional Science Textbook Solutions
Campbell Essential Biology with Physiology (6th Edition)
Anatomy & Physiology: The Unity of Form and Function
Laboratory Experiments in Microbiology (11th Edition)
Fundamentals of Anatomy & Physiology Plus Mastering A&P with eText - Access Card Package (10th Edition) (New A&P Titles by Ric Martini and Judi Nath)
Loose Leaf For Integrated Principles Of Zoology
LooseLeaf for Integrated Principles of Zoology
- How does bile in bile esculin medium contibute to the isolation and presumptive identification of Enterococcus?arrow_forwardThe Enterotube II System is a rapid multi-test method used to differentiate members of the family ___________ family, including Escherichia coli and Enterobacter aerogenes.arrow_forwardEPKP O111: K58 is isolated from the feces of a sick child under 3 months of age with certain clinical manifestations in the bacteriological laboratory. 1. What diagnosis can be given to a child? 2.What method of microbiological diagnosis was used in this case? Describe its main stages. 3. Is it possible to use serodiagnosis to verification of coli-enteritis? What material is taken from the patient for this purpose and what is used: glass-agglutination test, direct agglutination test or IHAT?arrow_forward
- Can someone help me make a dichotomous key for for the species listed below Bacillus megaterium, Citrobacter freundii, Clostridium sporogenes, Enterobracter aerogenes, Escherichia coli, Proteus vulgaris, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Salmonella enterica (Typhimurium), Serratia marcescens, Shigella sonnei Using these tests: TSA plates, Gram stain, catalase test, citrate slants, gelantinase tubes, oxidase test, PR Glucose broths, PR lactose Broths, PR sucrose broths, SIM tubes,Urease slants (not all but most)arrow_forwardIn a Triple Sugar Iron test, what are the results and (what should they look like) for the bacteria: Enterobacter aerogenes, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Salmonella typhimurium, and Serratia marcescens?arrow_forwardHow do the methyl-red and Voges-Proskauer tests differentiate between certain members of the Enterobacteriaceae?arrow_forward
- Name two tests that are useful for the differentiation of pneumococci and oral viridans streptococci.arrow_forwardCan you help me create a dichotomous key for these miccoorganisms and tests? Micoorganisms: Bacillus cereus Bacillus subtilis Citrobacter freundii Enterobacter aerogenes Enterococcus faecalis Escherichia coli Klebsiella pneumoniae Micrococcus luteus Mycobacterium phlei Proteus mirabilis Proteus vulgaris Pseudomonas aeruginosa Serratia marcescens Staphylococcus aureus Staphylococcus epidermidis Tests: Gram stain, acid-fast stain, endospore stain, amylase, urease, catalase, oxidase,carbohydrates (lactose, sucrose, glucose, mannitol, maltose), MR-VP, SIM, nitrate, motility,citrate, blood agar.arrow_forwardThe patient, who presented with complaints such as sore throat, fever, weakness, and swollen tonsils, was examined by an ear, nose and throat doctor. Having diagnosed the patient with Streptococcus pyogenes pharyngitis, the doctor requested a throat culture from the patient to confirm the accuracy of the diagnosis. a. In which environment does the Laborant develop Streptococcus pyogenes in the throat culture taken from the patient with a swab? Explain by explaining. b. Laborant is Strep in mixed culture, which is formed as a result of throat culture that he developed (cultivated). Using which methods to analyze and determine pyogenes phenotypically? c. Phenotypically detected Strep. The laboratory technician, who differentiates the pyogenes from other bacterial species in the environment, develops the bacteria in which specific environment using which method? Explain by explaining.arrow_forward
- EXPLAIN THE PURPOSE OF THE METHYL RED AND VOGES-PROSKAUER TESTS IN DETERMINING THE IDENTITY OF GRAM NEGATIVE ORGANISMS IN THE FAMILY ENTEROBACTERIACEAE. INCLUDE IN YOUR ANSWER WHY METHYL RED IS USED RATHER THAN PHENOL RED. WHAT ORGANISM IN THE FAMILY IS USED AS A CONTROL WHEN RUNNING THE METHYL TEST. IF THE METHYL RED TEST IS NEGATIVE, EXPLAIN WHY THE VOGES-PROSKAUER TEST IS RUN AND INCLUDE WHAT COLOR CHANGE INDICATES A POSITIVE TEST. ACCOUNT FOR THE COLOR DIFFERENCES IN THE NEGATIVE VOGES-PROSKAURER TESTS. WHAT REAGENTS (COMMON NAME) WERE USED IN THE VOGES -PROSKAUER TEST.arrow_forwardIf an esculinase-postive and an esculinase-negative bacteria species can both grow on the Bile Esculin Agar media, how are the two bacteria species distinguished?arrow_forwardWhile it is true that not all coliforms are pathogenic under normal conditions, please name two situations that can occur due to infection by pathogenic strains.arrow_forward
- Human Anatomy & Physiology (11th Edition)BiologyISBN:9780134580999Author:Elaine N. Marieb, Katja N. HoehnPublisher:PEARSONBiology 2eBiologyISBN:9781947172517Author:Matthew Douglas, Jung Choi, Mary Ann ClarkPublisher:OpenStaxAnatomy & PhysiologyBiologyISBN:9781259398629Author:McKinley, Michael P., O'loughlin, Valerie Dean, Bidle, Theresa StouterPublisher:Mcgraw Hill Education,
- Molecular Biology of the Cell (Sixth Edition)BiologyISBN:9780815344322Author:Bruce Alberts, Alexander D. Johnson, Julian Lewis, David Morgan, Martin Raff, Keith Roberts, Peter WalterPublisher:W. W. Norton & CompanyLaboratory Manual For Human Anatomy & PhysiologyBiologyISBN:9781260159363Author:Martin, Terry R., Prentice-craver, CynthiaPublisher:McGraw-Hill Publishing Co.Inquiry Into Life (16th Edition)BiologyISBN:9781260231700Author:Sylvia S. Mader, Michael WindelspechtPublisher:McGraw Hill Education