Concepts of Genetics (12th Edition)
12th Edition
ISBN: 9780134604718
Author: William S. Klug, Michael R. Cummings, Charlotte A. Spencer, Michael A. Palladino, Darrell Killian
Publisher: PEARSON
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Chapter 7, Problem 1CS
Gender is someone’s conscious and unconscious feelings of belonging to one sex or another. Each year, about 1 in 4500 children are born with a disorder involving sexual development, where the chromosomal, gonadal, or anatomical sex is atypical. Here we will consider two similar cases with different outcomes. In case 1, a 2-year-old child displayed a mosaic chromosome composition of 45, X/46, XY, with one ovary, one testis, a uterus, and ambiguous genitalia. In case 2, a fetus was diagnosed with a mosaic chromosome composition of 46, XX/47, XXY, and after birth, also displayed one testis, one ovary, a uterus, and ambiguous genitalia. The child in case 1 was adopted from an orphanage and raised as a girl. After consultation with the medical team, the parents decided to continue raising the child as a girl and requested surgery that would completely feminize the child. In case 2, the parents decided to forego treatment and let the child make the choice about gender later in life and to remain neutral about the child’s present condition. These cases raise questions about sex determination and the ethics of sex and gender assignment.
In humans, what is the role of the MSY region of the Y chromosome in sex determination and gender development?
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A husband and wife have normal vision, although both of the couple's fathers are red-green color-blind, an inherited X-linked recessive condition. What is the probability that the couple's first child will be a normal son? Enter your answer as a fraction or a whole number. Hint: Remember, humans determine sex via the XX = female, XY = male system. Think about the probability of having either a son or a daughter and the probability of having red - green color blindness.
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Chapter 7 Solutions
Concepts of Genetics (12th Edition)
Ch. 7 - Campomelic dysplasia (CMD1) is a congenital human...Ch. 7 - Carbon Copy (CC), the first car produced from a...Ch. 7 - Gender is someones conscious and unconscious...Ch. 7 - Gender is someones conscious and unconscious...Ch. 7 - HOW DO WE KNOW? In this chapter, we have focused...Ch. 7 - Review the Chapter Concepts list on p. 151. These...Ch. 7 - Distinguish between the concepts of sexual...Ch. 7 - Contrast the XX/XY and XX/X0 modes of sex...Ch. 7 - Describe the major difference between sex...Ch. 7 - How do mammals, including humans, solve the dosage...
Ch. 7 - The phenotype of an early-stage human embryo is...Ch. 7 - What specific observations (evidence) support the...Ch. 7 - Describe how nondisjunction in human female...Ch. 7 - An insect species is discovered in which the...Ch. 7 - When cows have twin calves of unlike sex...Ch. 7 - An attached-X female fly, XXY (see the Insights...Ch. 7 - Assume that on rare occasions the attached X...Ch. 7 - It has been suggested that any male-determining...Ch. 7 - What is a Barr body, and where is it found in a...Ch. 7 - Indicate the expected number of Barr bodies in...Ch. 7 - Define the Lyon hypothesis.Ch. 7 - Can the Lyon hypothesis be tested in a human...Ch. 7 - Predict the potential effect of the Lyon...Ch. 7 - Cat breeders are aware that kittens expressing the...Ch. 7 - In mice, the Sry gene (see Section 7.2) is located...Ch. 7 - The genes encoding the red-and...Ch. 7 - What is the role of the enzyme aromatase in sexual...Ch. 7 - In the wasp Bracon hebetor, a form of...Ch. 7 - The Amami spiny rat (Tokudaia osimensis) lacks a Y...Ch. 7 - In mice, the X-linked dominant mutation Testicular...Ch. 7 - When the cloned cat Carbon Copy (CC) was born (see...Ch. 7 - In reptiles, sex determination was thought to be...Ch. 7 - In chickens, a key gene involved in sex...
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- Stephanie conducts an experiment to study sex reversal in a specific grographic location. She collects cells from newborn babies and examines them under a microscope over seven years. Among 6,100 newborn males, three have one Barr body, and all other babies have no Barr body. Among 6,300 newborn females, four have two Barr bodies and the rest have one. What of the following statements is not true? 1. About 0.5 % of boys have an additional X chromosome, so they have forty-seven chromosomes. 2. Barr body is a small and dense structure of inactivated X chromosome. 3. Nondisjunction could produce an altered number of sex chromosomes. 4. Having an unusual number of Barr bodies indicates that the organism has more than two X chromosomes.arrow_forwardAn individual with XY chromosomes produces gametes where 50% have an extra sex chromosome and 50% have no sex chromosomes. Given this information, what is the probability a fertilized egg will have the genotype XO? Assume that the egg has the expected 23 chromosomes prior to fertilization. 1/3 1/2 1/8 1/4 It is not 1/3 or 1/4arrow_forwardA female has a family history of Duchenne muscular dystrophy, a recessive sex- linked condition that is carried on the X chromosome. She does not have the disease. Her brother, sister, and father all have the disease. while her mother does not. She recently married a male with no family history of the disease. If they decide to have children, what percentage of their sons will have the disease? * 0 0% 0 25% O 50% 0 100%arrow_forward
- A mother is a carrier of a recessive X-linked disorder. What are the chances of her offspring being afflicted by this disorder assuming a healthy father? 100% chance for male offspring; ~0% chance for female offspring 50% chance for male offspring; ~0% chance for female offspring 0% chance for male offspring; ~0% chance for female offspring 25% chance for male offspring; ~25% chance for female offspring 50% chance for male offspring; ~50% chance for female offspringarrow_forwardAssume that you are married and by chance upon submission for an amniocentesis prenatal checkup it resulted that your baby has more than the total number of chromosomes. What will your final decision to this finding? Answer must not exceed 30 words for 15 pts.arrow_forwardHemophilia is a disease caused by a gene found on the X chromosome. Therefore, it is a sex-linked disease which is caused by the recessive allele. Suppose, a man with hemophilia marries a woman who is homozygous dominant for the trait, what is the chance of having children who are hemophiliacs? (XH = normal; Xh= hemophiliac) * a. 0% b. 75% c. 100% d. 25%arrow_forward
- A male has male pattern baldness, an x-linked recessive trait. Which of the following could be his genotype? Group of answer choices A.) XbYb B.) bb C.) XBY D.) XbYarrow_forwardMatch the Term with the appropriate definition. 1: Genome 2: Karyotype 3: Homozygous 4: Heterozygous 5: Genotype 6: Gamete 7: Phenotype * The combination of alleles within a particular individual. * Sex cells (egg/sperm) that contain 23 chromosomes each, and combine to form the genotype of an individual offspring. * When an individual has two of the same alleles for particular trait. * When an individual has two different alleles for one particular trait. * Relates to the number and physical characteristics of a species' set of chromosomes. * The entire genetic code for an individual species or organism.arrow_forwardWhich of the following represent all the possible sex cells (genotypes) from a heterozygous person such as HhTt? HT, Ht, hT, ht HH, tt HH, Hh, TT, tt HT, htarrow_forward
- Men have XY (or YX) chromosomes and women have XX chromosomes. X-linked recessive genetic diseases (such as juvenile retinoschisis) occur when there is a defective X chromosome that occurs without a paired X chromosome that is not defective. Represent a defective X chromosome with lowercase x, so a child with the xY or Yx pair of chromosomes will have the disease and a child with XX or XY or YX or xX or Xx will not have the disease. Each parent contributes one of the chromosomes to the child. Complete parts a through d below. a. If a father has the defective x chromosome and the mother has good XX chromosomes, what is the probability that a son will inherit the disease? nothing (Type an integer or a decimal. Do not round.) b. If a father has the defective x chromosome and the mother has good XX chromosomes, what is the probability that a daughter will inherit the disease? nothing (Type an integer or a decimal. Do not round.) c. If a mother has one defective x…arrow_forwardn humans, Turner's syndrome results in a ["Female", "Male", "Hermaphrodite"] with the sexual genotype X0. Klinefelter's syndrome results in a ["Y0", "Male", "XY", "X0", "Female", "XXX", "XXY", "XX", "Hermaphrodite"] with the sexual genotype XXY. (No partial credit given)arrow_forwardButterflies have an X-Y sex-determination system that is different from that of flies or humans. Female butterflies may be either XY or X0, while butterflies with two or more X chromosomes are males. This photograph shows a tiger swallowtail gynandromorph, which is half male (left side) and half female (right side). Given that the first division of the zygote divides the embryo into the future right and left halves of the butterfly, propose a hypothesis that explains how nondisjunction during the first mitosis might have produced this unusual-looking butterfly. Question is also in the picture.arrow_forward
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