Microbiology Fundamentals: A Clinical Approach
3rd Edition
ISBN: 9781259709227
Author: Marjorie Kelly Cowan Professor, Heidi Smith
Publisher: McGraw-Hill Education
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Chapter 7, Problem 21Q
Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) is a lab technology that requires high temperatures to make copies of DNA. The copies are made using an enzyme called a polymerase. PCR would not have been possible before thermophilic archaea were discovered. Explain why.
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Chapter 7 Solutions
Microbiology Fundamentals: A Clinical Approach
Ch. 7.1 - Describe the relationship among metabolism,...Ch. 7.1 - Fully describe the structure and function of...Ch. 7.1 - Differentiate between constitutive and regulated...Ch. 7.1 - Diagram four major patterns of metabolic pathways.Ch. 7.1 - Describe how enzymes are controlled.Ch. 7.1 - NCLEX PREP 2. An enzyme that catalyzes starch is...Ch. 7.2 - Name the chemical in which energy is stored in...Ch. 7.2 - Create a general diagram of a redox reaction.Ch. 7.2 - Identify electron carriers used by cells.Ch. 7.2 - Prob. 3NP
Ch. 7.3 - Name the three main catabolic pathways and the...Ch. 7.3 - Construct a paragraph summarizing glycolysis.Ch. 7.3 - Describe the Krebs cycle, with emphasis on what...Ch. 7.3 - Discuss the significance of the electron transport...Ch. 7.3 - State two ways in which anaerobic respiration...Ch. 7.3 - Summarize the steps of microbial fermentation, and...Ch. 7.3 - Describe how noncarbohydrate compounds are...Ch. 7.3 - Q. From this information, can you identify another...Ch. 7.4 - Prob. 16AYPCh. 7.4 - Define amphibolism.Ch. 7.4 - Prob. 2MMCh. 7 - NCLEX PREP 1. Which of the following is/are...Ch. 7 - Prob. 1QCh. 7 - Prob. 2QCh. 7 - Prob. 3QCh. 7 - Prob. 4QCh. 7 - Prob. 5QCh. 7 - Prob. 6QCh. 7 - Prob. 7QCh. 7 - Prob. 8QCh. 7 - Prob. 9QCh. 7 - Prob. 10QCh. 7 - Prob. 11QCh. 7 - Prob. 12QCh. 7 - Prob. 13QCh. 7 - Prob. 14QCh. 7 - Prob. 15QCh. 7 - Prob. 16QCh. 7 - Defend this statement: Microbes (and their...Ch. 7 - Prob. 18QCh. 7 - Prob. 19QCh. 7 - Prob. 20QCh. 7 - Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) is a lab...Ch. 7 - From chapter 3, figure 3.15. On these depictions...
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- The thermoacidophile Sulfolobus acidocaldarius is an archaean organism that can tolerate environments that are high in temperature and low in pH. It lacks peptidoglycan, but still possesses a cell wall. Which of the following statements is likely to be an accurate description of this species? A. It is a bacterium. B. The optimal pH of its enzymes will lie above pH 7. C. It could inhabit hydrothermal springs. D. It could inhabit alkaline hot springs.arrow_forwardSuppose you have a bacterium, which is normally killed in an hour when growing in a medium containing penicillin. This bacterium is an auxotroph and requires tryptophan for growth. When placed in a medium lacking both tryptophan and penicillin, the bacterium neither grows nor dies for several hours. Question: Is it killed in an hour in a medium lacking tryptophan but containing penicillin? (Yes/No and explain briefly why).arrow_forwardErwin Chargaff did not have any DNA samples from thermoacidophilic bacteria such as those that thrive in the geothermal (hot) springs of Yellowstone Park. Such bacteria had not been isolated in 1951 when Chargaff reported his results. If he had obtained such a sample, what do you think its relative G-C content might have been? Why?arrow_forward
- Which of the following types of bacteria can contaminate water sources in hospitals and also cause pulmonary diseases or infections? Question 9 options: Mycobacterium spp. Hydrobacterium spp. Escherichia coli Shigella spp.arrow_forwardTrue or False: Bacteria use inclusions for secretion of enzymes.arrow_forwardMicroorganisms are needed in wastewater treatment facility to do the actual breakdown and removal of nutrients and organic matter in the waste matter. One day, the employee who is in-charge of the facility notice that as the time goes by after the wastewater was loaded into the medium the metabolic activity of the microbe cease to increase and remain stable instead. Within the context of our discussion, what could be the possible explanation for the employee’s observation?arrow_forward
- A bacterium that lives in the human intestine derives its nutrition by digesting the contents of the intestine. Which mode of nutrition best describes this bacterium? A. aerobic chemoheterotroph B. aerobic chemoautotroph C. anaerobic chemoheterotroph D. anaerobic chemoautotropharrow_forwardDuring the fall 2001 bioterrorist attack in which anthrax endospores were sent through the mail, one news commentator suggested that people should iron all their incoming mail with a regular household iron as a means of destroying endospores. Would you agree that this is a good way to disinfect mail? Explain your answer. Which disinfectant methods would be both more effective and more practical?arrow_forwardThe bacterium that causes Hansen’s disease (leprosy), Mycobacterium leprae, infects mostly the extremities of the body: hand, feet, and nose. Would this bacteria’s optimum temperature of growth be above or below the core temperature of the human body?arrow_forward
- Bacteria, Archaea and Eukarya are three _____________ .arrow_forwardThe genus Ferroplasma consists of a few species of acid-loving archaea. One species, F. acidarmanus, was discovered to be the main component of slime streamers (a type of biofilm) deep inside an abandoned California copper mine (Figure 4.11A). F. acidarmanus cells use an ancient energy-harvesting pathway that combines oxygen with ironsulfur compounds in minerals such as pyrite. This reaction dissolves the minerals, so groundwater that seeps into the mine ends up with extremely high concentrations of metal ions such as copper, zinc, cadmium, and arsenic. The reaction also produces sulfuric acid, which lowers the pH of the water around the cells to zero. Despite living in an environment with a composition similar to hot battery acid, F. acidarmanus cells maintain their internal pH at a cozy 5.0. Thus, researchers investigating Ferroplasma metabolic enzymes were surprised to discover that most of the cells enzymes function best at very low pH (Figure 4.11B). A. Deep inside one of the most toxic sites in the United States: Iron Mountain Mine, in California. The water in this stream, which is about 1 meter (3 feet) wide in this photo, is hot (around 40C, or 104F), heavily laden with arsenic and other toxic metals, and has a pH of zero. Slime streamers growing in it are a biofilm dominated by a species of archaea, Ferroplasma acidarmanus. B. pH profiles of four enzymes isolated from F. acidarmus. Researchers had expected these enzymes to function best at the cells cytoplasmic pH (5.0). What does the dashed line signify?arrow_forwardWhat terms would describe a prokaryote that has is covered in a thick peptidoglycan layer, gets its energy from eating other prokaryotes, and does not need oxygen to survive? Aerobic Anaerobic Autotroph Heterotroph Extremophile Gram-positive Gram-negativearrow_forward
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