Concepts of Genetics Plus Mastering Genetics with Pearson eText -- Access Card Package (12th Edition) (What's New in Genetics)
12th Edition
ISBN: 9780134811390
Author: William S. Klug, Michael R. Cummings, Charlotte A. Spencer, Michael A. Palladino, Darrell Killian
Publisher: PEARSON
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Textbook Question
Chapter 7, Problem 2PDQ
Review the Chapter Concepts list on p. 151. These all center around sex determination or the expression of genes encoded on sex chromosomes. Write a short essay that discusses sex chromosomes as they contrast with autosomes.
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Students have asked these similar questions
Explain why nondisjunction of sex chromosomes is more well-tolerated thannondisjunction in autosomes, even though genetic nondisjunction of sex chromosomes usually results in sterility and abnormalities of sex organs.
Why is aneuploidy of the sex chromosomes less debilitating than aneuploidy of even the smallest autosomes?
(Note: multiple responses are correct, please choose the best answer(s))
Select one or more:
Only one X chromosome is required at any given time. Additional X chromosomes (as in females) are inactivated in most cells except for gametes
Dosage compensation requires that all excess chromosomes (i.e. 2 or more) are activated at all times during the cell cycle
The Y chromosome carries a number of critical genes involved in spermatogenesis and sex development. Therefore, having two copies of the Y chromosome results in the overproduction of sperm and increased fertility
The Y chromosome carries a number of critical genes required for spermatogenesis and sex development, but very few other genes. Therefore, having two copies of the Y chromosome has minimal impact on the balance of gene expression
Including the sex chromosomes, the chromosome number of a normal human cell is
and the chromosome number of this Hela cell is
- (Hint: Chromosome number is different from total chromosome count.)
It appears that this Hela cell has
extra copies of chromosome 16.
Henrietta Lacks was female, so, naturally, all the cells from her derived cancerous cell line have
chromosomes. This HeLa cell,
interestingly, has
copies of its sex chromosomes.
What sex is the normal human karyotype displayed here?
O Male
O Female
Chapter 7 Solutions
Concepts of Genetics Plus Mastering Genetics with Pearson eText -- Access Card Package (12th Edition) (What's New in Genetics)
Ch. 7 - Campomelic dysplasia (CMD1) is a congenital human...Ch. 7 - Carbon Copy (CC), the first car produced from a...Ch. 7 - Gender is someones conscious and unconscious...Ch. 7 - Gender is someones conscious and unconscious...Ch. 7 - HOW DO WE KNOW? In this chapter, we have focused...Ch. 7 - Review the Chapter Concepts list on p. 151. These...Ch. 7 - Distinguish between the concepts of sexual...Ch. 7 - Contrast the XX/XY and XX/X0 modes of sex...Ch. 7 - Describe the major difference between sex...Ch. 7 - How do mammals, including humans, solve the dosage...
Ch. 7 - The phenotype of an early-stage human embryo is...Ch. 7 - What specific observations (evidence) support the...Ch. 7 - Describe how nondisjunction in human female...Ch. 7 - An insect species is discovered in which the...Ch. 7 - When cows have twin calves of unlike sex...Ch. 7 - An attached-X female fly, XXY (see the Insights...Ch. 7 - Assume that on rare occasions the attached X...Ch. 7 - It has been suggested that any male-determining...Ch. 7 - What is a Barr body, and where is it found in a...Ch. 7 - Indicate the expected number of Barr bodies in...Ch. 7 - Define the Lyon hypothesis.Ch. 7 - Can the Lyon hypothesis be tested in a human...Ch. 7 - Predict the potential effect of the Lyon...Ch. 7 - Cat breeders are aware that kittens expressing the...Ch. 7 - In mice, the Sry gene (see Section 7.2) is located...Ch. 7 - The genes encoding the red-and...Ch. 7 - What is the role of the enzyme aromatase in sexual...Ch. 7 - In the wasp Bracon hebetor, a form of...Ch. 7 - The Amami spiny rat (Tokudaia osimensis) lacks a Y...Ch. 7 - In mice, the X-linked dominant mutation Testicular...Ch. 7 - When the cloned cat Carbon Copy (CC) was born (see...Ch. 7 - In reptiles, sex determination was thought to be...Ch. 7 - In chickens, a key gene involved in sex...
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- 8.18 Irradiatioh of Drosophila sperm produces transloca- tions between the X chromosome and autosomes, between the Y chromosome and autosomes, and between different autosomes. Translotations between the X and Y chromosomes are not produced. Explain the absence of X-Y translocations. The birth of this child prompted the Dentons' physician to order a chromosome study of parents and child. The results of the study are shown in the accompanying fig- ure. Chromosome banding was done, and all chromo- somes were normal in these individuals, except some copies of number 6 and number 12. The number-6 and number-12 chromosomes of mother, father, and child are shown in the figure (the number 6 chromosomes are the larger pair): Child Mrs. Denton Mr. Denton a. Does either parent have an abnormal karyotype? If so, which parent has it, and what is the nature of the abnormality? b. How did the child's karyotype arise? (What pairing and segregation events took place in the parents?) e. Why is the child…arrow_forwardWhat is dosage compensation with respect to the sex chromosomes? Briefly explain how this is accomplished in humans.arrow_forwardA typical somatic cell from a badger, which is a diploid, sexually reproducing animal, contains a total of 32 chromosomes. Gametogenesis in badgers is similar to humans. What is the genome size for the badger in terms of chromosome number? How many DNA molecules would be found in a secondary oocyte before dividing? How many chromosomes would be found in a cell at metaphase? How many DNA molecules should be in a tetraploid liver cell from the badger?arrow_forward
- Explain why a person with Klinefelter Syndrome (XXY) still exhibits abnormal phenotypes despite the fact that one of the extra X Chromosome is inactivated practically leaving an XY active sex chromosomes similar to a normal male?arrow_forwardGive typed explanationarrow_forwardIn a Drosophila where somatic cells have 8 chromosomes, and gametes have 4 chromosomes, what is the number of tetrads in a cell during metaphase II?arrow_forward
- Please help with thisarrow_forwardVariations in Chromosome NumberAneuploidy Describe the process of nondisjunction and explain when it takes place during cell division.arrow_forwardMutations Can Uncouple chromosomal Sex from Phenotypic Sex Discuss whether the following individuals (1) have male or female gonads, (2) are phenotypically male or female (discuss Wolffian/Mllerian ducts and external genitalia), and (3) are sterile or fertile. a. XY, homozygous for a recessive mutation in the testosterone biosynthetic pathway, producing no testosterone b. XX, heterozygous for a dominant mutation in the testosterone biosynthetic pathway, which causes continuous production of testosterone c. XY, heterozygous for a recessive mutation in the MIH gene d. XY, homozygous fora recessive mutation in the SRY gene that abolishes functionarrow_forward
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