The thermal pollution problem is associated with discharging warm water from an electrical power plant or from an industrial source to a natural body of water. Methods for alleviating this problem involve cooling the warm water before allowing the discharge to occur. Two such methods, involving wet cooling towers or spray ponds, rely on heat transfer from the warm water in droplet form to the surrounding atmosphere. To develop an understanding of the mechanisms that contribute to this cooling, consider a spherical droplet of diameter D and temperature T, which is moving at a velocity V relative to air at a temperature T ∞ and relative humidity ϕ ∞ . The surroundings are characterized by the temperature T sur . Develop expressions for the droplet evaporation and cooling rates. Calculate the evaporation rate (kg/s) and cooling rate (K/s) when D = 3 mm, V = 7 m/s, T = 40 ° C, T ∞ = 25 ° C, T sur = 15 ° C, and ϕ ∞ = 0.60. The emissivity of water is ε w = 0.96.
The thermal pollution problem is associated with discharging warm water from an electrical power plant or from an industrial source to a natural body of water. Methods for alleviating this problem involve cooling the warm water before allowing the discharge to occur. Two such methods, involving wet cooling towers or spray ponds, rely on heat transfer from the warm water in droplet form to the surrounding atmosphere. To develop an understanding of the mechanisms that contribute to this cooling, consider a spherical droplet of diameter D and temperature T, which is moving at a velocity V relative to air at a temperature T ∞ and relative humidity ϕ ∞ . The surroundings are characterized by the temperature T sur . Develop expressions for the droplet evaporation and cooling rates. Calculate the evaporation rate (kg/s) and cooling rate (K/s) when D = 3 mm, V = 7 m/s, T = 40 ° C, T ∞ = 25 ° C, T sur = 15 ° C, and ϕ ∞ = 0.60. The emissivity of water is ε w = 0.96.
Solution Summary: The author calculates the evaporation and cooling rates for prescribed conditions.
The thermal pollution problem is associated with discharging warm water from an electrical power plant or from an industrial source to a natural body of water. Methods for alleviating this problem involve cooling the warm water before allowing the discharge to occur. Two such methods, involving wet cooling towers or spray ponds, rely on heat transfer from the warm water in droplet form to the surrounding atmosphere. To develop an understanding of the mechanisms that contribute to this cooling, consider a spherical droplet of diameter D and temperature T, which is moving at a velocity V relative to air at a temperature
T
∞
and relative humidity
ϕ
∞
.
The surroundings are characterized by the temperature
T
sur
.
Develop expressions for the droplet evaporation and cooling rates. Calculate the evaporation rate (kg/s) and cooling rate (K/s) when
D
=
3
mm,
V
=
7
m/s,
T
=
40
°
C,
T
∞
=
25
°
C,
T
sur
=
15
°
C,
and
ϕ
∞
=
0.60.
The emissivity of water is
ε
w
=
0.96.
Net movement of mass from one location, usually meaning stream, phase, fraction, or component, to another. Mass transfer occurs in many processes, such as absorption, evaporation, drying, precipitation, membrane filtration, and distillation.
FUNDAMENTALS OF CONVECTION
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