Concept introduction:
Decision making plays an important role in the management. The decisions taken by managers are called managerial decisions. Managerial Decisions are decisions taken by managers for the operations of a firm. These decisions include setting target growth rates, hiring or firing employees, and deciding what products to sell. Manager’s decisions are taken on the basis of quantitative as well as the qualitative measures. The managerial decision includes the decisions like make or buy, accept or reject new offers, sell or further process etc. These decisions are taken on the basis of relevant costs.
Relevant costs are the costs that are relevant for any decision making. Relevant costs are helpful for take managerial decisions like make or buy, accept or reject new offers, sell or further process etc.
Two basic types of the relevant costs are as follows:
- Out-of-pocket costs
- Opportunity costs
To indicate:
The decision to sell or process further for each product
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Managerial Accounting
- Jonfran Company manufactures three different models of paper shredders including the waste container, which serves as the base. While the shredder heads are different for all three models, the waste container is the same. The number of waste containers that Jonfran will need during the following years is estimated as follows: The equipment used to manufacture the waste container must be replaced because it is broken and cannot be repaired. The new equipment would have a purchase price of 945,000 with terms of 2/10, n/30; the companys policy is to take all purchase discounts. The freight on the equipment would be 11,000, and installation costs would total 22,900. The equipment would be purchased in December 20x4 and placed into service on January 1, 20x5. It would have a five-year economic life and would be treated as three-year property under MACRS. This equipment is expected to have a salvage value of 12,000 at the end of its economic life in 20x9. The new equipment would be more efficient than the old equipment, resulting in a 25 percent reduction in both direct materials and variable overhead. The savings in direct materials would result in an additional one-time decrease in working capital requirements of 2,500, resulting from a reduction in direct material inventories. This working capital reduction would be recognized at the time of equipment acquisition. The old equipment is fully depreciated and is not included in the fixed overhead. The old equipment from the plant can be sold for a salvage amount of 1,500. Rather than replace the equipment, one of Jonfrans production managers has suggested that the waste containers be purchased. One supplier has quoted a price of 27 per container. This price is 8 less than Jonfrans current manufacturing cost, which is as follows: Jonfran uses a plantwide fixed overhead rate in its operations. If the waste containers are purchased outside, the salary and benefits of one supervisor, included in fixed overhead at 45,000, would be eliminated. There would be no other changes in the other cash and noncash items included in fixed overhead except depreciation on the new equipment. Jonfran is subject to a 40 percent tax rate. Management assumes that all cash flows occur at the end of the year and uses a 12 percent after-tax discount rate. Required: 1. Prepare a schedule of cash flows for the make alternative. Calculate the NPV of the make alternative. 2. Prepare a schedule of cash flows for the buy alternative. Calculate the NPV of the buy alternative. 3. Which should Jonfran domake or buy the containers? What qualitative factors should be considered? (CMA adapted)arrow_forwardOat Treats manufactures various types of cereal bars featuring oats. Simmons Cereal Company has approached Oat Treats with a proposal to sell the company its top selling oat cereal bar at a price of $27,500 for 20,000 bars. The costs shown are associated with production of 20,000 oat bars currently. The manufacturing overhead consists of $3,000 of variable costs with the balance being allocated to fixed costs. Should Oat Treats make or buy the oat bars?arrow_forwardThe Pixels Corporation produces a component used in the manufacture of one of its best-selling products. The costs associated with the production of 10,000 units of this component are presented in the table above. The PCAOB Corp. offered to sell Pixels 10,000 units of the same part at a price of $36 per unit. Assume that Pixels has no alternative use for the factory facilities that would be released. Based on all of the information above, should Pixels manufacture their own part or outsource to PCAOB? Note that if you agree to outsource, you would save $60,000 in indirect fixed costs. Direct Materials $90,000 Direct Manufacturing Labor $130,000 Variable Manufacturing Overhead $60,000 Fixed Manufacturing Overhead $140,000 Total Costs $420,000 a. Buy the part from PCAOB because you save $6 per unit b. Manufacture the part because it saves $6 per unit c. Make the part because you save $2 per unit d. Buy the part from PCAOB because you save $60,000arrow_forward
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- Middle Industries produces a sensor for use in manufacturing. It produces the sensor in a plant with an annual practical capacity of 75,000 units. The variable cost of the sensor is $185.00 per unit, and the fixed costs of the plant are $12,375,000 annually. Current annual demand is 55,000 sensors. Middle Industries bought the plant because it was close to its other manufacturing facilities and was available for sale when they were searching for a location. Required: What cost per sensor should the cost system report to facilitate management decision making? What is the cost of excess capacity? What cost per sensor would the cost system report if the smallest manufacturing plant that could be built was able to produce 75,000 sensors? What would be the cost of excess capacity?arrow_forwardStructuring the Sell-or-Process-Further DecisionJack's Lumber Yard receives 8,000 large trees each period that it subsequently processes into rough logs by stripping off the tree bark and leaves. Jack’s then must decide whether to sell its rough logs (for use in log cabin construction) at split-off or to process them further into refined lumber (for use in regular construction framing). Jack's normally sells logs for a per-unit price of $515. Alternately, each log can be processed further into 800 board feet of lumber at an additional cost of $0.05 per board foot. Also, lumber can be sold for $0.75 per board foot. (Note: One tree is equal to one rough log.)Required:1. What is the total contribution to income from selling the logs for log cabin construction?$fill in the blank 12. What is the total contribution to income from processing the logs into lumber?$fill in the blank 2arrow_forwardA company with excess capacity must decide between scrapping or reworking units that do not pass inspection. The company has 16,000 defective units that cost $6.10 per unit to manufacture. The units can be a) sold as is for $3.40 each, or b) reworked for $4.50 each and then sold for the full price of $9.50 each. What is the incremental income from selling the units as scrap and reworking and selling the units? Should the company sell the units as scrap or rework them?arrow_forward
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