Chapter 7, Problem 79PP

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

Plausible mechanism should be drawn given the major product of 2-methyl-2-hexene.

Concept Introduction:

E2 reaction is a bimolecular elimination reaction in which alkene compounds formed in a single step. Alkenes are formed when alkyl halides are treated with bases via eliminating one β-proton and one α-halo group of the alkyl halide.

Rate of E2 reaction is depends upon the concentration of substrate and concentration of base. Because in a bimolecular reaction, there should involves two chemical entities.

Equation for the rate of E2 reaction is,

    $\text{Rate}\text{=}\text{k}\text{[}\text{substrate}\text{]}\text{[}\text{base}\text{]}$

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The expected rate equation should be found for the given reaction.

Concept Introduction:

E2 reaction is a bimolecular elimination reaction in which alkene compounds formed in a single step. Alkenes are formed when alkyl halides are treated with bases via eliminating one β-proton and one α-halo group of the alkyl halide.

Rate of E2 reaction is depends upon the concentration of substrate and concentration of base. Because in a bimolecular reaction, there should involves two chemical entities.

Equation for the rate of E2 reaction is,

    $\text{Rate}\text{=}\text{k}\text{[}\text{substrate}\text{]}\text{[}\text{base}\text{]}$

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The change in rate when concentration of base is doubled in given reaction has to be explained.

Concept Introduction:

E2 reaction is a bimolecular elimination reaction in which alkene compounds formed in a single step. Alkenes are formed when alkyl halides are treated with bases via eliminating one β-proton and one α-halo group of the alkyl halide.

Rate of E2 reaction is depends upon the concentration of substrate and concentration of base. Because in a bimolecular reaction, there should involves two chemical entities.

Equation for the rate of E2 reaction is,

    $\text{Rate}\text{=}\text{k}\text{[}\text{substrate}\text{]}\text{[}\text{base}\text{]}$

(d)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

Energy level diagram should be drawn for the given reaction process.

Concept Introduction:

E2 reaction is a bimolecular elimination reaction in which alkene compounds formed in a single step. Alkenes are formed when alkyl halides are treated with bases via eliminating one β-proton and one α-halo group of the alkyl halide.

Energy diagram of an E2 reaction has only one hump because only one step is involved in the E2 reaction.

Transition state is a state in between the reactant and product.

 In the transition state of E2 reaction: the abstraction of β-proton by the base, removal of leaving group (halo-group) and formation of double bond are taking place.

(e)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The transition state should be drawn for the given transformation of reaction.

Concept Introduction:

E2 reaction is a bimolecular elimination reaction in which alkene compounds formed in a single step. Alkenes are formed when alkyl halides are treated with bases via eliminating one β-proton and one α-halo group of the alkyl halide.

Energy diagram of an E2 reaction has only one hump because only one step is involved in the E2 reaction.

Transition State: The state which defines the highest potential energy with respect to reaction co-ordinate between reactant and product. It is usually denoted by using the symbol ‘≠’.