Biology: Dynamic Science - With MindTap
4th Edition
ISBN: 9781305934146
Author: Russell
Publisher: Cengage
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Chapter 7, Problem 8TYK
Summary Introduction
Introduction:
The process of breaking down of the glucose into two molecules of pyruvate is known as glycolysis. This cycle plays a vital role in the production of energy in the body. The pyruvate is then converted into acetyl CoA (coenzyme-A) and takes part in the Krebs’s cycle.
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Identify the conversion which is not involved in glycolysis.
a.Glucose to glucose 6-phosphate by hexokinase
b.Triose phosphate to 2-phosphoglycerate by phosphoglyceromutase
c.PEP to pyruvic acid by pyruvate kinase
d.Sucrose to glucose and fructose by invertase
If glycerol-3-phosphate shuttle is active, calculate the number of ATP produced from the complete oxidation of:
a. cerotic acidb. heptadecanoic acidc. palmitoleic acid
During strenuous exercise, the NADH formed in the glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase reaction in skeletal muscle must be reoxidized to NAD+ if glycolysis is to continue. The most important reaction involved in the reoxidation of NADH is:
a. dihydroxyacetone phosphate → glycerol 3-phosphate
b. glucose 6-phosphate → fructose 6-phosphate
c. isocitrate → α-ketoglutarate
d. oxaloacetate → malate
e. pyruvate → lactate
Chapter 7 Solutions
Biology: Dynamic Science - With MindTap
Ch. 7.1 - Prob. 1SBCh. 7.1 - Distinguish between cellular respiration and...Ch. 7.2 - Prob. 1SBCh. 7.2 - What is the redox reaction in glycolysis?Ch. 7.2 - How is ATP synthesized in glycolysis?Ch. 7.3 - Summarize the fate of pyruvate molecules produced...Ch. 7.4 - What distinguishes the four complexes of the...Ch. 7.4 - Prob. 2SBCh. 7.5 - Prob. 1SBCh. 7.5 - Prob. 2SB
Ch. 7.6 - Prob. 1SBCh. 7.6 - What are the types of molecules that are the...Ch. 7.6 - Prob. 3SBCh. 7 - What is the final acceptor for electrons in...Ch. 7 - Prob. 2TYKCh. 7 - Prob. 3TYKCh. 7 - Prob. 4TYKCh. 7 - Prob. 5TYKCh. 7 - Prob. 6TYKCh. 7 - Prob. 7TYKCh. 7 - Prob. 8TYKCh. 7 - Which of the following statements is false?...Ch. 7 - In the 1950s, a diet pill that had the effect of...Ch. 7 - Discuss Concepts Why do you think nucleic acids...Ch. 7 - A hospital patient was regularly found to be...Ch. 7 - 13. There are several ways to measure...Ch. 7 - Apply Evolutionary Thinking Which of the two...Ch. 7 - Prob. 1ITDCh. 7 - Prob. 2ITDCh. 7 - As CO2 concentrations increase in the atmosphere,...Ch. 7 - Prob. 4ITD
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- Since in this patient pyruvate kinase is abnormal not only is less pyruvate made but intermediates above pyruvate in the glycolytic pathway build up slowing the pathway. which of the following would be expected? A.ADP to ATP ratios would be elevated above normal. B.NADP+ would increase relative to NADPH. C.Ribulose 5-phosphate levels would decrease. D.NADH to NAD+ ratios would decrease. E.Methemoglobin levels would increase. Explanation for answer in no. 6:arrow_forwardIn the first stage of glycolysis, the hydroxyl group on C6 of glucose is phosphorylated to form glucose-6-phosphate (G6P). In this reaction, which of the following statements is true? a. O b. d. e. Glucose kinase is used to catalyze the reaction. Hexokinase is used to catalyze the reaction. A molecule of NADH is synthesized. One ATP is synthesized. Fructose kinase is used to catalyze the reaction.arrow_forwardThe steps of glycolysis between glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate and 3-phosphoglycerate involve all of the following except: a. ATP synthesis. b. catalysis by phosphoglycerate kinase. c. oxidation of NADH to NAD+. d. the formation of 1,3-bisphosphoglycerate. e. utilization of Pi.arrow_forward
- Which of the following activate glycogen synthesis? A. Phosphorylation of glycogen synthase kinase 3 B. Activation of protein kinase A (PKA) C. Both A and B D. Neither A nor B Assuming that glucokinase is completely inhibited, which of the following statements is correct? Glycolysis reactions beyond glucose-6-phosphate in the liver would be impossible to take place The Cori cycle would be blocked Both A and B Neither A nor Barrow_forwardATP production is limited from glycolysis in strenuously exercising muscle or when yeast are fermenting carbohydrates in closed vessels. The limiting factor is Select one: a. the increased acidity from lactic acid causing muscle damage b. the accumulation of CO, c. the lack of ATP to continue glycolysis d. the lack of organic fuel molecules to oxidize e. the need to regenerate NAD+arrow_forwardDuring which of the following conversions is NADH+H+ formed in the glycolysis cycle? a. Glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate to 1,3-bisphosphoglycerate b. 1,3-bisphosphoglycerate to 3-Phosphoglycerate c. 2-Phosphoglycerate to Phosphoenolpyruvate d. Phosphoenolpyruvate to Pyruvatearrow_forward
- Which of the following statements about the use the NADPH generated from the pentose phosphate pathway is not true? NADPH generated from the pentose phosphate pathway is used for the synthesis of fatty acids. b. NADPH generated from the pentose phosphate pathway and cytoplasmic NADH is metabolically interchangeable. O c. NADPH generated from the pentose phosphate pathway is used for the regeneration of glutathione to its reduced state. O d. NADPH generated from the pentose phosphate pathway is used for lipid synthesis. Clear my choicearrow_forwardThe synthesis and degradation of glycogen in muscle is not a futile (ATP-hydrolyzing)cycle because:A. glycogen synthase and phosphorylase are simultaneously activatedB. cyclic AMP activates adenylate kinase. C. when glycogen synthase is inactivated, phosphorylase is simultaneously activated. D. glycogen binds Mg2+, thereby lowering the concentration of MgATP2-arrow_forwardAntagonist binds to the enzyme at a site far away from the receptor site to inhibit the function of an enzyme. Select one: O True O False Glycolysis is a reductive process because glucose is reduced to form pyruvate. Select one: O True O False Hexokinase catalyses an irreversible reaction in glycolysis. Select one: O True O Falsearrow_forward
- Explain the advantage to the cell of each of the following regulatory actions: a. The pyruvate dehydrogenase complex (PDC) is inhibited by ATP.b. Isocitrate dehydrogenase is stimulated by ADP.c. Pyruvate carboxylase is stimulated by acetyl-CoA.d. Citrate synthase is inhibited by NADH.e. PDC is inhibited by fatty acidsarrow_forwardIf glucose was no longer available, pyruvate processing activity would: a. decrease b. increase c. remain the samearrow_forwardWhat type of regulation would be expected when anaerobic metabolism is occurring in the muscle? Select all that apply. 1. Activation of pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase 2. Increased levels of calcium to activate pyruvate dehydrogenase phosphatase 3. Phosphorylation of pyruvate dehydrogenase 4. Inhibition of pyruvate dehydrogenase complex 5. Increased levels of NADH to activate citrate synthase 6. Increased levels of NADH to inhibit alpha-ketogluterate dehydrogenase complex 7. Increased levels of acetyl CoA to activate pyruvate carboxylase for gluconeogenesisarrow_forward
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