Chapter 8, Problem 109A

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: The electronic configuration of the given element is to be determined.

Concept introduction:

The periodic table is a columnar structure that organizes different elements into groups based on how they behave. The elements in the periodic table of today are ordered according to the periodic law. The elements are organized in the modern periodic table in increasing order of their atomic number.

Answer to Problem 109A

Barium

Explanation of Solution

Atomic radius increases down the group. Calcium and barium are present in the same group, but barium is present below calcium.

Thus, barium is larger in size.

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: The electronic configuration of the given element is to be determined.

Concept introduction:

The periodic table is a columnar structure that organizes different elements into groups based on how they behave. The elements in the periodic table of today are ordered according to the periodic law. The elements are organized in the modern periodic table in increasing order of their atomic number.

Answer to Problem 109A

silicon

Explanation of Solution

Atomic radius decreases across the period or from left to right. Silicon and sulfur are present in the same period but in different groups. Sulfur is present right in silicon.

Thus, silicon is larger in size.

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: The electronic configuration of the given element is to be determined.

Concept introduction:

The periodic table is a columnar structure that organizes different elements into groups based on how they behave. The elements in the periodic table of today are ordered according to the periodic law. The elements are organized in the modern periodic table in increasing order of their atomic number.

Answer to Problem 109A

sodium

Explanation of Solution

Atomic radius decreases across the period or from left to right. Nitrogen is present in period 2 while sodium is present in period 3. The atomic radius increases down the group.

Thus, sodium is larger in size.