Biology (MindTap Course List)
11th Edition
ISBN: 9781337392938
Author: Eldra Solomon, Charles Martin, Diana W. Martin, Linda R. Berg
Publisher: Cengage Learning
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Chapter 8, Problem 17TYU
EVOLUTION LINK The reactions of glycolysis are identical in all organisms—prokaryotes, protists,
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In the absence of oxygen the cell will perform only glycolysis, and not the rest of respiration. Is this efficient? How much of the energy has been harvested from glucose at this point
Explain how animals can generate ATP without oxygen. Given that anaerobic glycolysis is much less efficient than oxidative phosphorylation, why has anaerobic glycolysis not been discarded during animal evolution?
Which of the following statements about cellular respiration is TRUE in eukaryotes?
A. For every molecule of NADH oxidized in the electron transport chain, 1 molecule of ATP is produced.
B. ATP synthase harnesses the flow of protons (hydrogen ions = H+) from the mitochondrial matrix to the intermembrane space to produce ATP.
C. ATP synthase transduces the flow of protons (hydrogen ions = H+) from the intermembrane space to the mitochondrial matrix into kinetic (mechanical) energy
D. H2O is the final electron acceptor in the electron transport chain, being oxidized to O2 and H+.
E. All of the above are true
Chapter 8 Solutions
Biology (MindTap Course List)
Ch. 8.1 - Write a summary reaction for aerobic respiration...Ch. 8.1 - Prob. 1CCh. 8.1 - Prob. 2CCh. 8.2 - Prob. 2LOCh. 8.2 - Prob. 3LOCh. 8.2 - Add up the energy captured (as ATP, NADH, and...Ch. 8.2 - Prob. 5LOCh. 8.2 - Prob. 6LOCh. 8.2 - Prob. 1CCh. 8.2 - Prob. 2C
Ch. 8.2 - What are the roles of NAD+, FAD, and oxygen in...Ch. 8.2 - Prob. 4CCh. 8.3 - Summarize how the products of protein and lipid...Ch. 8.3 - Prob. 1CCh. 8.3 - Prob. 2CCh. 8.3 - Prob. 3CCh. 8.4 - Compare and contrast anaerobic respiration and...Ch. 8.4 - What is the fate of hydrogen atoms removed from...Ch. 8.4 - What accounts for the ATP yield of fermentation...Ch. 8.4 - Is chemiosmosis involved in fermentation? in...Ch. 8 - A chemical process during which a substance gains...Ch. 8 - The reactions of _____ take place within the...Ch. 8 - Before pyruvate enters the citric acid cycle, it...Ch. 8 - In the first step of the citric acid cycle, an...Ch. 8 - Which of the following is the major source of...Ch. 8 - The aerobic part of aerobic cellular respiration...Ch. 8 - Prob. 7TYUCh. 8 - A net profit of only 2 ATPs can be produced...Ch. 8 - When deprived of oxygen, yeast cells obtain energy...Ch. 8 - Which of the following is a correct ranking of...Ch. 8 - Prob. 11TYUCh. 8 - CONNECT Explain why the proton gradient formed...Ch. 8 - CONNECT How are the endergonic reactions of the...Ch. 8 - PREDICT Could the inner mitochondrial membrane...Ch. 8 - Prob. 15TYUCh. 8 - Prob. 16TYUCh. 8 - EVOLUTION LINK The reactions of glycolysis are...Ch. 8 - Prob. 18TYU
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- Why is the formation of ATP by ATP synthase referred to as oxidative phosphorylation? A. A phosphate is transferred from oxygen to ADP to form ATP B. Oxygen provides the mechanical energy that is used to create ATP from ADP C. Oxygen is the final electron acceptor in the electron transport chain, which creates the proton gradient necessary to power ATP synthase D. ADP combines with oxygen to form ATParrow_forwardWhich of the following correctly describes where each process takes place in eukaryotic cells? a. conversion of pyruvate to acetyl CoA – mitochondrial matrix b. glycolysis – mitochondrial matrix c. ATP synthase – ATP synthesized in cytosol using proton motive force d. electron transport chain – electron carrier proteins embedded in outer mitochondrial membrane e. citric acid cycle – cytosolarrow_forwardDuring aerobic respiration in eukaryotes, which product molecules receive the oxygen atoms that started out in substrate glucose molecules? H2O only H2O and C6H12O6 only CO2 only C6H12O6 and O2 only O2 onlyarrow_forward
- Yeasts are microorganisms that can perform both aerobic respiration and fermentation. Yeasts can generate nearly 20 times more ATP from glucose using aerobic respiration than fermentation.What is the reason for the big difference in the ATP production of these two metabolic pathways? What environmental condition triggers the shift between these metabolic pathways?arrow_forwardWhich of the following statements about the generation of ATP in the electron transport chain is correct? a. The generation of ATP from ADP coupled to electron transfer occurs by substrate level phosphorylation as in glycolysis. b. ATP synthase generation of ATP involves a rotating structure inside the inner mitochondrial membrane. c. ATP synthase generation of ATP involves a rotating structure outside the inner mitochondrial membrane. d. Electron transport generates a proton gradient across the outer mitochondrial membrane.arrow_forwardWhich of the following statements is not true? (a) Glycolysis is the first stage of cellular respiration. (b) Glycolysis can proceed under low oxygen levels with the assistance of fermentation. (c) Glycolysis produces less ATP than does either the Krebs cycle or oxidative phosphorylation. (d) Glycolysis produces most of the ATP required by aerobic organisms like us.arrow_forward
- A mutant algae has some of its mitochondria missing with inner mitochondrial membrane. Which of the following processed would be completely affected in these mitochondria? A. Electron transport chain B. Biosynthesis C. Glycolic D. Alcoholic fermentation 2. Which of the following cellular respiration processes can produce the most number of ATP per molecule of glucose oxidized? A. Alcoholic fermentation B. Lactic acid fermentation C. Aerobic respiration D. All produce an equal number of APPS.arrow_forwardWhich of the following is NOT true of the electron transport chain? a. It produces NADH, as a result of electrons being transferred from glucose to NAD+ b. End products include CO2, water, and pyruvate c. It allows for the controlled release of energy for ATP synthesis d. It is part of the oxidative phosphorylation processarrow_forwardWhich of the following statements is true?a) the ATP synthase adds electrons directly to ADP to make ATP b) acetyl CoA produced in the citric acid cycle carries electrons to the electrontransport chainc) the electron transport chain pumps protons from the cytosol into the inter-membrane space of mitochondriad) carbon monoxide is an electron transport chain blockerarrow_forward
- In the conversion of G3P into pyruvate at the end of glycolysis, which of the following does NOT occur? electron carriers are reduced inorganic phosphate is added to the carbon structure substrate level phosphorylation resulting in ADP à ATP carbon is released as CO2arrow_forwardIf cellular respiration were the stock market (you’re investing glucose and pyruvate, and receiving ATP Dividends, where would you get the most return on your investments (glycolysis, Krebs cycle, or electron transport chain) explain why.arrow_forwardThe maintenance of a proton motive force across the inner mitochondrial membrane is crucial for continued ATP production. Surprisingly, it has been discovered that the inner membranes of certain cells contain proteins, called uncoupling proteins, that are capable of transporting protons from the intermembrane space to the mitochondrial matrix. Why would mitochondria contain transporters that essentially waste energy potential in the proton gradient?arrow_forward
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