Organic Chemistry - Standalone book
10th Edition
ISBN: 9780073511214
Author: Francis A Carey Dr., Robert M. Giuliano
Publisher: McGraw-Hill Education
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Chapter 8, Problem 41P
Match the following
Heats of hydrogenation in kJ/mol (kcal/mol)
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Chapter 8 Solutions
Organic Chemistry - Standalone book
Ch. 8.1 - What three alkenes yield 2-methylbutane on...Ch. 8.2 - Prob. 2PCh. 8.2 - Prob. 3PCh. 8.3 - Prob. 4PCh. 8.4 - Prob. 5PCh. 8.4 - Give a structural formula for the carbocation...Ch. 8.5 - Prob. 7PCh. 8.6 - Instead of the three-step process of Mechanism...Ch. 8.6 - The rates of hydration of the two alkenes shown...Ch. 8.6 - Is the electrophilic addition of hydrogen chloride...
Ch. 8.7 - You can calculate the equilibrium constant for the...Ch. 8.7 - Does the presence or absence of a catalyst such as...Ch. 8.7 - The gas phase reaction of ethanol with hydrogen...Ch. 8.8 - Prob. 14PCh. 8.8 - Hydroborationoxidation of -pinene, like its...Ch. 8.10 - Arrange the compounds 2-methyl-1-butene,...Ch. 8.10 - Give the structure of the product formed when each...Ch. 8.11 - Prob. 18PCh. 8.11 - Prob. 19PCh. 8.12 - Prob. 20PCh. 8.12 - Prob. 21PCh. 8.13 - Prob. 22PCh. 8.14 - Prob. 23PCh. 8.14 - Prob. 24PCh. 8 - How many alkenes yield...Ch. 8 - Prob. 26PCh. 8 - Catalytic hydrogenation of...Ch. 8 - Prob. 28PCh. 8 - Prob. 29PCh. 8 - Prob. 30PCh. 8 - Prob. 31PCh. 8 - A single epoxide was isolated in 7984% yield in...Ch. 8 - Prob. 33PCh. 8 - Prob. 34PCh. 8 - On catalytic hydrogenation over a rhodium...Ch. 8 - Prob. 36PCh. 8 - Prob. 37PCh. 8 - Prob. 38PCh. 8 - Prob. 39PCh. 8 - 1-Butene has a higher heat of hydrogenation than...Ch. 8 - Match the following alkenes with the appropriate...Ch. 8 - The heats of reaction were measured for addition...Ch. 8 - Complete the following table by adding + and -...Ch. 8 - Match the heats of hydrogenation (107 kJ/mol,...Ch. 8 - The iodination of ethylene at 25 C is...Ch. 8 - Specify reagents suitable for converting...Ch. 8 - (a) Which primary alcohol of molecular formula...Ch. 8 - Identify compounds A and B in the retrosynthesis...Ch. 8 - Identify compounds A and B in the retrosynthesis...Ch. 8 - Prob. 50PCh. 8 - On being heated with a solution of sodium ethoxide...Ch. 8 - Compound A (C7H15Br) is not a primary alkyl...Ch. 8 - Prob. 53PCh. 8 - Prob. 54PCh. 8 - A mixture of three alkenes (A, B, and C) was...Ch. 8 - Reaction of 3,3-dimethyl-1-butene with hydrogen...Ch. 8 - Dehydration of 2,2,3,4,4-pentamethyl-3-pentanol...Ch. 8 - Prob. 58PCh. 8 - East Indian sandalwood oil contains a hydrocarbon...Ch. 8 - Prob. 60PCh. 8 - Prob. 61PCh. 8 - Prob. 62PCh. 8 - Prob. 63PCh. 8 - Prob. 64PCh. 8 - On the basis of the mechanism of acid-catalyzed...Ch. 8 - As a method for the preparation of alkenes, a...Ch. 8 - Which of the following is the most reasonable...Ch. 8 - Prob. 68PCh. 8 - Oxymercuration Concerns about mercurys toxicity...Ch. 8 - Prob. 70DSPCh. 8 - Prob. 71DSPCh. 8 - Prob. 72DSPCh. 8 - Prob. 73DSPCh. 8 - Oxymercuration Concerns about mercurys toxicity...
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- Predict the reagents (nucleophile and solvent) for each of the followingarrow_forward1. Answer the following questions about molecule 1. a) circle the most basic atom in molecule b) Provide the structure of the conjugate acid and a resonance structure of the conjugate acid that explain its bascity. HO H+ molecule 1 c) The pKa of the conjugate acid of the most basic atom in molecule is approximately -1. Which of the following acids can completely protonate the most basic atom? (Keq>10³). HI H₂O IZ Cl3C OH (+) NH3arrow_forwardQuestion 3 Some photophysical parameters (lifetime, t, and quantum yield, $) for fluorescence (n = 370 nm) and phosphorence (p = 580 nm) of pyrene, 1-chloropyrene and 1-bromopyrene are given in the table below, as measured at room temperature (RT) and at 77 K in a frozen ethanol glass. фе τη Фл Фр Tp (RT) (RT) (77 K) (77 K) (77 K) (ns) (s) X = H 0.72 530 0.9 < 0.001 0.39 X X = CI 0.22 75 0.59 0.058 0.10 X = Br 0.032 2 0.17 0.085 0.004 fl = fluorescence; p = phosphorescence (a) Construct a Jablonski diagram for pyrene (X = H) at 77K. (b) Pyrene (X = H) has an absorbance maximum, Amax, at 330 nm and a fluorescence maximum, 11, at 370 nm. Why does this difference in wavelengths occur? (c) Explain why the lifetime for phosphorescence is longer than that for fluorescence. (d) Why does the fluorescence quantum yield increase with decreasing temperature? (e) Explain the trend in phosphorescence quantum yield as X is varied.arrow_forward
- Question 4 The photoisomerization of alkenes is a photochemical transformation between the E- and Z-stereoisomers. The irradiation of the E-isomer (shown below) with radiation at 340 nm gives an E:Z ratio of 5:95. Some relevant information for each compound is shown in the table below. Amax 340nm E290 E340 (L mol¹ cm¹) (L mol¹ cm-1) E 340 nm 8000 20000 PE-Z = 0.60 Z 290 nm 16000 2000 Oz-E = 0.30 (a) The reaction proceeds through an excited state. Explain the nature of this excited state, and explain how it allows formation of the E- and Z-isomers. Explain why this isomerisation is unlikely to occur thermally. (b) The product of the equilibrium shown above gives a final ratio with substantially more of one isomer. Explain why this occurs. (c) Explain why the starting concentration of isomers does not affect the final ratio after irradiation. (d) If the irradiating wavelength used was changed to 290 nm and you started with Z- rather than E-isomer, use the data in the table above to…arrow_forwardQuestion 5 The photoisomerisation of cinnamonitriles (shown below) has been used as a model for the molecular transformations that lead to vision in mammals. The outcome of the reaction under various conditions is shown in the table below. CN sensitizer visible light 忌 CN СОН HO.. OH OH N NH 'N' Riboflavin Starting isomer E Sensitizer Riboflavin Radiation No light Final Z:E ratio 0:100 E No sensitizer 402 nm 4:96 E Riboflavin 402 nm 99:1 Z Riboflavin 402 nm 99:1 (a) Explain what is happening in the photoisomerisation reaction above. (b) Give the structure of the intermediate that allows the reaction to occur, and explain how it forms. (c) Explain why each reaction gives the particular E:Z ratio that it does, and why it is considered photostationary. (d) Explain the role of the sensitizer, riboflavin, and why it is a requirement for this reaction. (e) Explain why the irradiation of both the E- and Z-isomers in the presence of riboflavin gives the same result. What would be the final…arrow_forwardCan someone explain this to me?arrow_forward
- Can someone explain this to me?arrow_forwardQuestion 4 The complex shown below, [Ru(bpy)2L]2+ (in which R = H in L), has a pendant anthracene group, and emits light at the same wavelength as [Ru(bpy)3]2+, but with a substantially longer lifetime and a higher quantum yield, as shown in the table below. Ru R Amax (nm) Aem (nm) (us) Ru(bpy)3²+ 440 616 0.75 0.045 Ru(bpy)2L2+ 440 614 51 0.19 (a) Draw a Jablonski diagram for the [Ru(bpy)2L]²* complex and use it to explain why the emission occurs at the same wavelength while the lifetime increases. (b) Explain why the quantum yield increases when the pendant anthracene is included. (c) At 77 K, [Ru(bpy)2L]²* emits light at = 400 nm, while anthracene emits at 397 nm. Explain why the emission wavelength changes. (d) What do you predict would occur to the emission characteristics (maximum, lifetime, and quantum yield) if the anthracene group was substituted with a bromine atom (i.e., R = Br).arrow_forwardQuestion 3 Shown below are the absorption and emission spectra of anthracene at room temperature. Absorbance or fluorescence intensity Absorption Fluorescence 300 340 380 Absorption max. 375 nm Anthracene Fluorescence max. 397 nm Tfl 6 ns Φε 0.36 420 460 Wavelength (nm) (a) Explain why anthracene fluorescence occurs at a longer wavelength than does absorption. (b) The emission and absorption spectra are mirror images. Why is this so? (c) What changes would you expect to see if these spectra were measured at 77 K? Explain your answer. (d) Anthracene fluorescence does not show solvatochromism. What is solvatochromism and what does its absence indicate about the electronic structure of anthracene? (e) At 77 K, anthracene shows a weak phosphorescence at 680 nm. (i) Draw a Jablonski diagram for anthracene. (ii) Explain why this peak at 680 nm is absent at room temperature. (iii) What would happen to this emission if anthracene was substituted with iodine (i.e. iodoanthracene)?arrow_forward
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