Biology: Life on Earth with Physiology Plus Mastering Biology with Pearson eText -- Access Card Package (11th Edition)
11th Edition
ISBN: 9780133910605
Author: Gerald Audesirk, Teresa Audesirk, Bruce E. Byers
Publisher: PEARSON
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Chapter 8, Problem 4FIB
Summary Introduction
Introduction:
The series of complex reactions involving the transfer of the electrons across the membrane is “Electron transport chain”. This process occurs in the presence of oxygen. The oxygen accepts the two electrons and got reduced to the molecule of water in the
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ATP synthase attaches a phosphate group to ADP, forming ATP .This process requires energy. The energy is provided by electron carrier molecules in the electron transport system that pump ___________into the intermembrane space (also called outer compartment). When these move back into the ___________, they must move through ATP synthase. This movement through ATP synthase provides the power needed by ATP synthase to push the third phosphate group onto ADP.
protons (H+ ions); mitochondrial matrix
protons; intermembrane space
electrons; intermembrance space
electrons; mitochondrial matrix
Mitochondria are bounded by a double membrane. The inner filled space is called the matrix, which contains _____ that break down carbohydrate products, releasing _____ to be used for ATP production.
H+ flow down their gradient from the intermembrane space into the mitochondrial matrix through _____________, the smallest known rotary motor, to make _____________.
the electron transport chain; ATP
ATP synthase; ATP
the electron transport chain; NADH
ATP synthase; O2
Chapter 8 Solutions
Biology: Life on Earth with Physiology Plus Mastering Biology with Pearson eText -- Access Card Package (11th Edition)
Ch. 8.1 - explain how photosynthesis and glucose breakdown...Ch. 8.1 - summarize glucose breakdown in the presence and...Ch. 8.2 - explain the energy investment and...Ch. 8.2 - Prob. 2CYLCh. 8.2 - What is the net energy yield in ATP and NADH...Ch. 8.3 - How would the rate of ATP production be affected...Ch. 8.3 - Cyanide is a favorite poison in old murder...Ch. 8.3 - Raising a King The mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) that...Ch. 8.3 - summarize the two major stages of cellular...Ch. 8.3 - explain how ATP is generated by chemiosmosis?
Ch. 8.3 - describe the role of oxygen in cellular...Ch. 8.4 - Colin, a 45-year-old obese man, comes to you, his...Ch. 8.4 - What would happen if cells were prevented from...Ch. 8.4 - Prob. 1CSCCh. 8.4 - Jeremy has always had difficulty walking rapidly...Ch. 8.4 - explain the function of fermentation and the...Ch. 8.4 - Prob. 2CYLCh. 8.4 - list some examples of human uses of each type of...Ch. 8 - Which of the following is True for one glucose...Ch. 8 - Prob. 2MCCh. 8 - Prob. 3MCCh. 8 - Prob. 4MCCh. 8 - Prob. 5MCCh. 8 - Prob. 1FIBCh. 8 - Prob. 2FIBCh. 8 - Prob. 3FIBCh. 8 - Prob. 4FIBCh. 8 - Prob. 5FIBCh. 8 - Prob. 1RQCh. 8 - Draw and label a mitochondrion, and explain how...Ch. 8 - What role do the following play in breaking down...Ch. 8 - Prob. 4RQCh. 8 - Prob. 5RQCh. 8 - Prob. 6RQCh. 8 - Prob. 7RQCh. 8 - Compare the structure of chloroplasts (described...Ch. 8 - Some species of bacteria use aerobic respiration,...Ch. 8 - Prob. 2ACCh. 8 - Prob. 3ACCh. 8 - Some species of bacteria that live at the surface...
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- The Fo subunit of the ATP synthase is present in the ______ while the F1 subunit is in the ____. inner mitochondrial membrane; inner mitochondrial membrane mitochondrial matrix; inner mitochondrial membrane mitochondrial matrix; mitochondrial matrix Inner mitochondrial membrane; mitochondrial matrixarrow_forwardIn eukaryotic cells, the TCA/citric acid/Kreb's cycle happens in the _______ , while the electron transport chain is in the ________ . cytoplasm; lumen of the lysosome mitochondrial matrix; inner mitochondrial membrane inner mitochondrial membrane; cytoplasm nucleus; mitochondrial matrixarrow_forwardFigure 4.15 Cyanide inhibits cytochrome c oxidase, a component of the electron transport chain. If cyanide poisoning occurs, would you expect the pH of the intermembrane space to increase or decrease? What affect would cyanide have on ATP synthesis?arrow_forward
- Cyanide is a poisonous substance. Cyanide is a cytochrome c oxidase inhibitor that is competitive. The last enzyme of the electron transport chain in mitochondria is cytochrome c oxidase. One of the most common substrates for cytochrome c oxidase is oxygen.Would an increase in the concentration of oxygen affect the inhibitioncaused by cyanide?How would conditions in the mitochondrial intermembrane spacechange if cytochrome c oxidase and the electron transport chain are notfunctioning properly.. Explain why this change in conditions will be harmful to a cell.arrow_forwardWhich of the following statements is most correct? The electron transport chain - A: generates a pH gradient that reduces O2 to H2O B: generates a proton gradient across the outer mito membrane C: generates a proton gradient across the inner mito membrane D: uses the energy stored in high energy electron carriers to synthesize ATP E: establishes a membrane potential across the outer mito membranearrow_forwardWould you mind explaining the Electron Transport System how you understand it? Explanation: The electron transport chain is a series of electron transporters embedded in the inner mitochondrial membrane that shuttles electrons from NADH and FADH2 to molecular oxygen. In the process, protons are pumped from the mitochondrial matrix to the intermembrane space, and oxygen is reduced to form water. Question: Respond to the Explanation post above about the electron transport chain.arrow_forward
- Which of the following statements is true?arrow_forwardThe image shows the flow of electrons through electron carriers I, II, III, and IV within the mitochondrial inner membrane. The electronegativity of the protein carriers determines their capacity to attract electrons. Based on the image, which of the following best describes the electronegativity of the carriers and the synthesis and utilization of ATP during the electron-transfer process? Electron carrier I is the least electronegative, and electron carrier IV is the most electronegative. ATP is required for electron transfer between carriers. Electron carrier I is the most electronegative, and electron carrier IV is the least electronegative. ATP is not required for electron transfer between carriers. Electron carrier I is the most electronegative, and electron carrier IV is the least electronegative. ATP is utilized in a distinct reaction, not directly coupled with electron transfer. Electron carrier I is the least electronegative, and electron carrier IV is the most…arrow_forwardCyanide is a toxic substance. Cyanide is a cytochrome coxidase enzyme that is competitive. The last enzyme of the electron transport chain in mitochondria is cytochrome c oxidase. One of the most common substrates for cytochrome c oxidase is oxygen. Would an increase in the concentration of oxygen affect the inhibitioncaused by cyanide? How would conditions in the mitochondrial intermembrane spacechange if cytochrome c oxidase and the electron transport chain are notfunctioning properly. .Explain why this change in conditions will be harmful to a cell.arrow_forward
- Figure 7.11 Dinitrophenol (DNP) is an "uncoupler" that makes the inner mitochondrial membrane "leaky" to protons. It was used until 1938 as a weight- loss drug. What effect would you expect DNP to have on the change in pH across the inner mitochondrial membrane? Why do you think this might be an effective weight-loss drug? Intermembrane space Mitochondrial matrix ATP Synthase ADP Inner mitochondrial membrane ATP Figure 7.11 ATP synthase is a complex, molecular machine that uses a proton (H) gradient to form ATP from ADP and inorganic phosphate (Pi). (Credit: modification of work by Klaus Hoffmeier)arrow_forwardAlthough the outer mitochondrial membrane is permeable to all small molecules, the inner mitochondrial membrane is essentially impermeable in the absence of specific transport proteins. Consider this information answer: The ATP generated by oxidative respiration is used throughout the cell. The majority of ATP production occurs in the mitochondrial matrix. How do you think ATP is made accessible to enzymes in the cytosol and other organelles?arrow_forwardThere are many things that need to be brought into and out of the cell for cellular respiration. When you look at cellular membranes, including the mitochondrial membrane you can find transporters for many of these things, including glucose and ATP. However, we never find transporters for Oxygen (O2) or Carbon Dioxide (CO2). Why would the cell not require transporters for these molecules?arrow_forward
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