To determine:
A situation on the basis of glucose breakdown, the scenario is; a cell has reached to a stage where all the ATPs of the cell have been broken into ADP and phosphate, later this cell is placed in a glucose solution. Will this cell be able to recover and survive.
Introduction:
For its vitality, the cell requires energy to keep its
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- If there are glucose transport proteins in the cell membrane, which way would glucose flow-into or out of the cell? Explain your answer.arrow_forwardWhy is it important that glucose be converted to glucose-6-phosphate once glucose enters a cell? Select one: a. This form is easier for cells to metabolize. b. The cells can easily excrete this molecule. c. Glucose can't diffuse out of the cell if it is in this form. d. It can now cross the plasma membrane. e. It becomes a long-term storage molecule for glucose.arrow_forwardGlucose can be transported into cells with a glucose/sodium symporter. If the extracellular concentration of sodium is always in excess to that of glucose, which of these manipulations would MOST increase the rate of glucose transport into a cell? A. increase in the extracellular concentration of sodium B. increase in the intracellular concentration of sodium C. increase in the extracellular concentration of glucose D. increase in the intracellular concentration of glucosearrow_forward
- While endocytosis and exocytosis refer to the direction in which a vesicle moves into and out of a cell respectively, it is important to think about what is being moved with and within the vesicles. To demonstrate how this process is utilized in human cells we will focus on the human body's insulin response. The purpose of the insulin response is to create a pathway for glucose entry into cells by releasing glucose transporters into the membrane. Cell Type #1- insulin producers: In humans, pancreatic B-cells create steroid insulin that can be packaged into vesicles starting at the ER. These vesicles are prepared for exocytosis so that the insulin can be released from the pancreatic B - cells and get into the bloodstream when signaled to do so. When glucose is present in the blood stream these cells will release the pre-packed insulin into the blood stream. Cell Type #2- insulin responders: Other cells do not produce insulin but instead respond when they have received the insulin signal…arrow_forwardCells can generate as many as 36 to 38 molecules of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) from the metabolism of one molecule of glucose. Which cellular process results in this amount of ATP production?arrow_forwardWhat is the advantage of using ATP as a common energy source?Another way of asking this question is, “Why does ATP provide anadvantage over using a bunch of different food molecules?” For example,instead of just having a Na+/K+-ATPase in a cell, why not have manydifferent ion pumps, each driven by a different food molecule, like aNa+/K+-glucosase (a pump that uses glucose), a Na+/K+-sucrase (a pumpthat uses sucrose), a Na+/K+-fatty acidase (a pump that uses fatty acids),and so on?arrow_forward
- Explain the role that proton (H+) movement plays in chemiosmotic ATP generation during oxidative phosphorylation (“oxphos”) in aerobic cellular respiration. Include in your answer a description of the process (i.e., where H+ are originally, where they accumulate, etc). You don't need to name all of the members of the transport chain.arrow_forwardImagine a hypothetical cell with a higher concentration of glucose inside the cell thanoutside. Answer the following questions about this cell, assuming all transport acrossthe membrane is passive, not active.a. Can the glucose simply diffuse across the cell membrane? Why or why not?b. If there are glucose transport proteins in the cell membrane, which way wouldglucose flow- into or out of the cell? Explain your answer.c. If the concentration of glucose was equal inside and outside of the cell, do you thinkthere would be a net flow of glucose across the cell membrane in one direction orthe other? Explain your answer.arrow_forwardThe cardiovascular, respiratory, and gastrointestinal systems all work together to ensure that cells of the human body are able to carry out vital reactions including aerobic respiration and protein synthesis. Write a short account to explain how each of these three systems ensure that cells receive the required raw ingredients needed for such cellular reactions, and how two of the systems contribute to the removal of the waste products created.arrow_forward
- Consider a triglyceride molecule (dietary fat) and it’s components. If a cell uses a triglyceride molecule as an energy source, at which processes (stages) of cell respiration do the components enter cell respiration?  3.Which phosphate bond in ATP is broken or made to release or contain energy? 4.Cellular respiration in eukaryotic cells is aerobic. Briefly define the term aerobic. 5.Consider question #4above. Briefly describethe role or function of oxygen in cellular respiration? 6.At which stage is the greatest amount of carbon dioxide released? 7.What is the function of the molecule NADHand FADH2? 8.What is the role of protons (hydrogen ions)in the electron transport chain. 9.Briefly describe the function of ATP synthase. 10.Briefly describe the mechanism of action for the poison cyanide.arrow_forwardIn hepatocytes, the enzyme glucokinase catalyzes the ATP-coupled phosphorylation of glucose. Glucokinase binds both ATP and glucose, forming a glucose-ATP-enzyme complex. The enzyme then transfers the phosphoryl group directly from ATP to glucose. Select the advantages of phosphoryl group transfer compared to hydrolysis and subsequent phosphorylation? Glucokinase increases the transition state energy, favoring glucose phosphorylation. Reaction intermediates do not need to be present in excess. The process takes advantage of the high phosphoryl group transfer potential of ATP. ATP hydrolysis is thermodynamically unfavorable compared to group transfer.arrow_forwardFermentation is an important process that allows organisms growing in anaerobic environments to harvest energy from glucose. Which statement about fermentation explains why fermentation is so important to anaerobic organisms? Select an answer and submit. For keyboard navigation, use the up/down arrow keys to select an answer. Fermentation and aerobic respiration share the steps a that involve oxidation of glucose to pyruvate. Your answer Fermentation provides a means for the cycling of NADH back to b NAD+ so that glycolysis can continue. Fermentation pathways produce useful products such as lactate or ethanol. The amount of energy harvested from a molecule of glucose using fermentation is much less than the amount harvested using aerobic respiration. d Most organisms that rely on fermentation are small microbes that e grow relatively slowly. E3 Fularrow_forward
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