Concept explainers
(a)
Interpretation: The change in the rate of an E2 reaction is to be stated when the concentration of
Concept introduction: E2 type of reaction follows second order kinetics in which the rate depends on both the reactants. The rate law equation for E2 reaction is expressed as,
Answer to Problem 8.11P
The rate of an E2 reaction is tripled when the concentration of alkyl halide is tripled.
Explanation of Solution
E2type of reaction is second order elimination reaction in which the
The rate law equation for E2 reaction is expressed as,
According to the given statement, concentration of alkyl halide is tripled. Hence, the rate of reaction is
Therefore, the rate of the reaction increases by three times when the concentration of
The rate of an E2 reaction is tripled when the concentration of alkyl halide is tripled.
(b)
Interpretation: The change in the rate of an E2 reaction is to be stated when the concentration of base is halved.
Concept introduction: E2 type of reaction follows second order kinetics in which the rate depends on both the reactants. The rate law equation for E2 reaction is expressed as,
Answer to Problem 8.11P
The rate of an E2 reaction is halved when the concentration of base is halved.
Explanation of Solution
E2 type of reaction is second order elimination reaction in which the rate of reaction depends on both the reactants i.e. the alkyl halide and the base.
The rate law equation for E2 reaction is expressed as,
According to the given statement, concentration of base is halved. Hence, the rate of reaction is,
Therefore, the rate of the reaction decreases by half when the concentration of
The rate of an E2 reaction is halved when the concentration of base is halved.
(c)
Interpretation: The change in the rate of an E2 reaction is to be stated when the solvent is changed from
Concept introduction: E2 reactions are usually preferred in
Answer to Problem 8.11P
The rate of an E2 reaction increases when the solvent is changed from
Explanation of Solution
E2 type of reaction is second order elimination reaction in which the rate of reaction depends on both the reactants i.e. the alkyl halide and the base. The choice of solvent for this type of reaction is polar aprotic. DMSO is a polar aprotic solvent and
The rate of an E2 reaction increases when the solvent is changed from
(d)
Interpretation: The change in the rate of an E2 reaction is to be stated when the leaving is changed from
Concept introduction: A leaving group bigger in size is preferred as it leaves easily and fast while a smaller leaving group leaves with difficulty and slow.
Answer to Problem 8.11P
The rate of an E2 reaction is decreased when the leaving group is changed from
Explanation of Solution
E2 type of reaction is second order elimination reaction in which
the rate of reaction depends on both the reactants i.e. the alkyl halide and the base. Iodine is bigger in size as compared to bromine. An atom bigger in size is a good leaving group. Thus, iodine is a better leaving group then bromine. Thus, when
The rate of an E2 reaction is decreased when the leaving is changed from
(e)
Interpretation: The change in the rate of an E2 reaction is to be stated when the base is changed from
Concept introduction: Strong base is more efficient in proton abstraction and hence, it is more preferred in E2 type of reactions.
Answer to Problem 8.11P
The rate of an E2 reaction is decreased when the base is changed from
Explanation of Solution
E2 type of reaction is second order elimination reaction in which the rate of reaction depends on both the reactants i.e. the alkyl halide and the base. A stronger base will facilitate the abstraction of proton and hence will increase the rate of E2 reaction.
The rate of an E2 reaction is decreased when the base is changed from
(f)
Interpretation: The change in the rate of an E2 reaction is to be stated when the the alkyl halide is changed from
Concept introduction: The rate of E2 reaction depends on the halide being used. A halide in which carbon attached to the leaving group has more number of alkyl groups is usually preferred.
Answer to Problem 8.11P
The rate of E2 reaction increases when the alkyl halide is changed from
Explanation of Solution
E2 type of reaction is second order elimination reaction in which the rate of reaction depends on both the reactants i.e. the alkyl halide and the base. A highly substituted product is preferred in E2 reaction as it is more stable. This can be obtained when the carbon attached to the leaving group has more number of alkyl groups. Since
The rate of E2 reaction increases when the alkyl halide is changed from
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Chapter 8 Solutions
Organic Chemistry (Looseleaf)
- How does each of the following changes affect the rate of an E1 reaction? a. doubling [RX] b. doubling [B:] c. changing the halide from (CH3)3CBr to CH3CH2CH2Br d. changing the leaving group from Cl− to Br− e. changing the solvent from DMSO to CH3OHarrow_forwardConsider the attached E2 reaction What happens to the reaction rate with each of the following changes?[1] The solvent is changed to DMF. [2] The concentration of −OC(CH3)3 is decreased. [3] The base is changed to −OH. [4] The halide is changed to CH3CH2CH2CH2CH(Br)CH3. [5] The leaving group is changed to I−.arrow_forwardHow does each of the following changes affect the rate of an E1 reaction?a.)Doubling [RX]b.)Doubling [B:]c.)Changing the halide from (CH3)3CBr to CH3CH2CH2Brarrow_forward
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- QUESTION 7 Identify the best nucleophile in a substitution reaction at a primary carbon. a. H2O b. (CH3)3CO- c. CH3CH2O- d. HO-arrow_forwardWhich mechanism gave the main product in the reaction shown in Figure 8? * A- SN1 B- SN2 C- E1 D- E2arrow_forward1. For the following reaction, what is the rate law ? (image) 2. is the following nucleophile strong or weak HO^- a) strong b) weak c) not a nucleophile 3) what set of reaction conditions should favor an SN2 reaction on 2-bromo-3-methylbutane a) weak nucleophile in a protic solvent b) weal nucleophile in aprotic solvent c) strong nucleophile in a protic solvent d) strong nucleophile in a aprotic solventarrow_forward
- Organic Chemistry: A Guided InquiryChemistryISBN:9780618974122Author:Andrei StraumanisPublisher:Cengage Learning