Life: The Science of Biology
11th Edition
ISBN: 9781319010164
Author: David E. Sadava, David M. Hillis, H. Craig Heller, Sally D. Hacker
Publisher: W. H. Freeman
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Chapter 8.2, Problem 2R
Summary Introduction
To review:
Whether the given reaction is exergonic or endergonic and ATP is hydrolyzed or released during the reaction.
Given:
The given reaction is as follows:
Introduction:
The
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Write a balanced equation for each of the following reactions or reaction sequences.
(a) The reaction catalyzed by PFK-2
(b) The conversion of 2 moles of oxaloacetate to glucose
(c) The conversion of glucose to UDP-Glc
(d) The conversion of 2 moles of glycerol toglucose
(e) The conversion of 2 moles of malate to glucose-6-phosphate
Write a balanced equation for each of the following reactions or reactionsequences.(a) The reaction catalyzed by PFK-2(b) The conversion of 2 moles of oxaloacetate to glucose(c) The conversion of glucose to UDP-Glc(d) The conversion of 2 moles of glycerol to glucose(e) The conversion of 2 moles of malate to glucose-6-phosphate
The reaction catalyzed by glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase involves two "sub-reactions", one of which is unfavourable. How is the energy barrier of this unfavourable sub reaction overcome?
A. through the formation and hydrolysis of a thioester bond using a cysteine molecule in the enzyme
B. through the hydrolysis of an ATP molecule
C. through the hydrolysis of a thioester bond in the substrate molecule
D. the enzyme catalyzes the formation of a thioester bond
E. none of these explanations describe how the energy barrier is overcome
Please answer asap
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Life: The Science of Biology
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- Given the following coupled reactions: phosphoenolpyruvate + H2O → pyruvate + Pi ΔG°'= -61.9 kJ/mol ATP + H2O → ADP + Pi ΔG°'= -30.5 kJ/mol write the overall reaction, calculate the ΔG°’, and determine if the reaction is exergonic or endergonic. The overall reaction is ______ + _______ → _______ + _________ The overall ΔG°’ is ________ kJ/mol. Therefore, the reaction is _______(exergonic/endergonic)arrow_forwardIf the Go for ATP hydrolysis into ADP + inorganic phosphate is 7.3 kcal/mole, and the Go for glutamine synthesis from glutamic acid and NH3 is +3.4 kcal/mole, calculate the average Go for coupling these two reactions (glutamic acid + NH3 + ATP glutamine + ADP + inorganic phosphatearrow_forwardWrite a balanced equation for the complete metabolic oxidation of each of the following. Include O2, ADP, and Pi as reactants and ATP, CO2, and H2O as products. (a) Stearic acid (b) Oleic acid (c) Palmitic acid (d) Linoleic acidarrow_forward
- Given the following choices,a. what is the structure of the product of the reaction catalysed by ACAT?b. structure of the product produced from the reaction catalysed by phospolipase A2?c. general structure of TAGd. structure of glycerolarrow_forwardThe phosphoryl group transfer potentials for glucose-1-phosphate and glucose-6-phosphate are 20.9 kJ/mol and 13.8 kJ/mol, respectively. (a) What is the equilibrium constant for the reaction shown below at 25 °C? (b) If a mixture was prepared containing 1 m glucose-6-phosphate and 1 x 10-3 M glucose-1-phosphate, what would be the thermodynamically favored direction for the reaction?arrow_forwardWhat is the significance of the ΔG°’ value of each step of Glycolysis? Why do some values classify reactions as irreversible and others as easily reversible?arrow_forward
- Oxidative phosphorylation has three reaction products.(a) What is the energy-carrying product?(b) What are the other two products?arrow_forwardA camel hump contains 12 kg of triacylgylcerols. (a) Given that there are 0.491 moles of ATP per gram of fat, how many moles of ATP could be produced by the fat in the camel hump?(b) If the hydrolysis of ATP releases 7.3 kcal/mole, how many kilocalories are produced by the utilization of the fat?arrow_forwardWith regard to the glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase enzyme reaction:a) Write the mechanism of the reaction.b) What two enzyme intermediates are involved? One undergoes an oxidation-reduction step.What is oxidized and what is reduced? How are the electrons transferred? The secondintermediate has some different chemistry than usual esters. Comment.c) What factors are operating here to bring about the catalysis that this enzyme carries out?d) The product of this reaction is “rather special”. Commentarrow_forward
- The complete combustion of palmitate and glucose yields 9781 kJ ∙ mol−1 and 2850 kJ ∙ mol−1 of free energy, respectively. Compare these values to the free energy (as ATP) obtained though catabolism of palmitate and glucose under standard conditions. Which process is more efficient?arrow_forwardConsider the following chemical equation whose delta(G) = 9kcal/mol: AC + BD ---> AB + CD what are the reactants and what are the products is this reaction spontaneous? How do you know? Is energy released or consumed by this reaction? If an enzyme, which catalyzes this reaction is added, what will happen to delta (G) If this reaction is coupled to another reaction, whose delta(G) is -12 kcal/mol, what will be the net delta(G) value? will the overall reaction be spontaneousarrow_forwardThe conversion of substance X to substance Y is an endergonic reaction, but it can be driven if coupled to the hydrolysis of ATP. Write simple equations illustrating how that can occur.arrow_forward
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