The reaction of an alkene with dilute sulphuric acid in the presence of methanol as solvent occurs quite similar to acid-catalyzed hydration but in the second step alcohol acts as a nucleophile. The mechanism for the given chemical transformation is to be interpreted. Concept introduction: Alkenes are unsaturated hydrocarbons with at least one double bond between the carbon atoms. The acid-catalyzed hydration reactions of alkene involve the reaction of an alkene with H 3 O + ion via carbocation formation. The reaction occurs in the presence of dilute sulfuric acid.

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Answer 1

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Definition Definition Molecules that have multiple bonds between their carbon atoms. Alkenes are hydrocarbons with a double bond between two adjacent carbon atoms (R 2 C=CR 2 ), whereas alkynes are hydrocarbons with a triple bond between two adjacent carbon atoms R-C=C-R . These two groups are known as unsaturated hydrocarbons. They have fewer hydrogen atoms when compared with alkanes with same number of carbon atoms. The general molecular formula for an unsaturated hydrocarbon can be represented as C n H 2n +2 .

Chapter 8.6, Problem 15ATS

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: The reaction of an alkene with dilute sulphuric acid in the presence of methanol as solvent occurs quite similar to acid-catalyzed hydration but in the second step alcohol acts as a nucleophile. The mechanism for the given chemical transformation is to be interpreted.

Concept introduction:

Alkenes are unsaturated hydrocarbons with at least one double bond between the carbon atoms. The acid-catalyzed hydration reactions of alkene involve the reaction of an alkene with H3O+ ion via carbocation formation. The reaction occurs in the presence of dilute sulfuric acid.

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: The mechanism for the given chemical transformation is to be interpreted.

Concept introduction:

Alkenes are unsaturated hydrocarbons with at least one double bond between the carbon atoms. The acid-catalyzed hydration reactions of alkene involve the reaction of an alkene with H3O+ ion via carbocation formation. The reaction occurs in the presence of dilute sulfuric acid.

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Draw a stepwise, detailed mechanism for the following reaction. Show all intermediates involved

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Heating an alcohol in the presence of sulfuric or phosphoric acid will cause a dehydration to occur: the removal of the elements of water from a molecule, forming an alkene. The reaction usually follows an E1 mechanism. The SN1 pathway is suppressed, both by heating the reaction mixture (more energy promotes the elimination pathway) and by using a strong acid whose conjugate base is a poor nucleophile. Draw curved arrow(s) to show how the alcohol reacts with phosphoric acid.

Answer 2

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Definition Definition Molecules that have multiple bonds between their carbon atoms. Alkenes are hydrocarbons with a double bond between two adjacent carbon atoms (R 2 C=CR 2 ), whereas alkynes are hydrocarbons with a triple bond between two adjacent carbon atoms R-C=C-R . These two groups are known as unsaturated hydrocarbons. They have fewer hydrogen atoms when compared with alkanes with same number of carbon atoms. The general molecular formula for an unsaturated hydrocarbon can be represented as C n H 2n +2 .

Chapter 8.6, Problem 15ATS

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: The reaction of an alkene with dilute sulphuric acid in the presence of methanol as solvent occurs quite similar to acid-catalyzed hydration but in the second step alcohol acts as a nucleophile. The mechanism for the given chemical transformation is to be interpreted.

Concept introduction:

Alkenes are unsaturated hydrocarbons with at least one double bond between the carbon atoms. The acid-catalyzed hydration reactions of alkene involve the reaction of an alkene with H3O+ ion via carbocation formation. The reaction occurs in the presence of dilute sulfuric acid.

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: The mechanism for the given chemical transformation is to be interpreted.

Concept introduction:

Alkenes are unsaturated hydrocarbons with at least one double bond between the carbon atoms. The acid-catalyzed hydration reactions of alkene involve the reaction of an alkene with H3O+ ion via carbocation formation. The reaction occurs in the presence of dilute sulfuric acid.

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Answer 3

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Definition Definition Molecules that have multiple bonds between their carbon atoms. Alkenes are hydrocarbons with a double bond between two adjacent carbon atoms (R 2 C=CR 2 ), whereas alkynes are hydrocarbons with a triple bond between two adjacent carbon atoms R-C=C-R . These two groups are known as unsaturated hydrocarbons. They have fewer hydrogen atoms when compared with alkanes with same number of carbon atoms. The general molecular formula for an unsaturated hydrocarbon can be represented as C n H 2n +2 .

Chapter 8.6, Problem 15ATS

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: The reaction of an alkene with dilute sulphuric acid in the presence of methanol as solvent occurs quite similar to acid-catalyzed hydration but in the second step alcohol acts as a nucleophile. The mechanism for the given chemical transformation is to be interpreted.

Concept introduction:

Alkenes are unsaturated hydrocarbons with at least one double bond between the carbon atoms. The acid-catalyzed hydration reactions of alkene involve the reaction of an alkene with H3O+ ion via carbocation formation. The reaction occurs in the presence of dilute sulfuric acid.

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: The mechanism for the given chemical transformation is to be interpreted.

Concept introduction:

Alkenes are unsaturated hydrocarbons with at least one double bond between the carbon atoms. The acid-catalyzed hydration reactions of alkene involve the reaction of an alkene with H3O+ ion via carbocation formation. The reaction occurs in the presence of dilute sulfuric acid.

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Answer 4

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Definition Definition Molecules that have multiple bonds between their carbon atoms. Alkenes are hydrocarbons with a double bond between two adjacent carbon atoms (R 2 C=CR 2 ), whereas alkynes are hydrocarbons with a triple bond between two adjacent carbon atoms R-C=C-R . These two groups are known as unsaturated hydrocarbons. They have fewer hydrogen atoms when compared with alkanes with same number of carbon atoms. The general molecular formula for an unsaturated hydrocarbon can be represented as C n H 2n +2 .

Chapter 8.6, Problem 15ATS

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: The reaction of an alkene with dilute sulphuric acid in the presence of methanol as solvent occurs quite similar to acid-catalyzed hydration but in the second step alcohol acts as a nucleophile. The mechanism for the given chemical transformation is to be interpreted.

Concept introduction:

Alkenes are unsaturated hydrocarbons with at least one double bond between the carbon atoms. The acid-catalyzed hydration reactions of alkene involve the reaction of an alkene with H3O+ ion via carbocation formation. The reaction occurs in the presence of dilute sulfuric acid.

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: The mechanism for the given chemical transformation is to be interpreted.

Concept introduction:

Alkenes are unsaturated hydrocarbons with at least one double bond between the carbon atoms. The acid-catalyzed hydration reactions of alkene involve the reaction of an alkene with H3O+ ion via carbocation formation. The reaction occurs in the presence of dilute sulfuric acid.

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Answer 5

Chapter 8.6, Problem 15ATS

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: The reaction of an alkene with dilute sulphuric acid in the presence of methanol as solvent occurs quite similar to acid-catalyzed hydration but in the second step alcohol acts as a nucleophile. The mechanism for the given chemical transformation is to be interpreted.

Concept introduction:

Alkenes are unsaturated hydrocarbons with at least one double bond between the carbon atoms. The acid-catalyzed hydration reactions of alkene involve the reaction of an alkene with H3O+ ion via carbocation formation. The reaction occurs in the presence of dilute sulfuric acid.

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: The mechanism for the given chemical transformation is to be interpreted.

Concept introduction:

Alkenes are unsaturated hydrocarbons with at least one double bond between the carbon atoms. The acid-catalyzed hydration reactions of alkene involve the reaction of an alkene with H3O+ ion via carbocation formation. The reaction occurs in the presence of dilute sulfuric acid.

Answer 6

Chapter 8.6, Problem 15ATS

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: The reaction of an alkene with dilute sulphuric acid in the presence of methanol as solvent occurs quite similar to acid-catalyzed hydration but in the second step alcohol acts as a nucleophile. The mechanism for the given chemical transformation is to be interpreted.

Concept introduction:

Alkenes are unsaturated hydrocarbons with at least one double bond between the carbon atoms. The acid-catalyzed hydration reactions of alkene involve the reaction of an alkene with H3O+ ion via carbocation formation. The reaction occurs in the presence of dilute sulfuric acid.

Answer 7

Chapter 8.6, Problem 15ATS

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: The reaction of an alkene with dilute sulphuric acid in the presence of methanol as solvent occurs quite similar to acid-catalyzed hydration but in the second step alcohol acts as a nucleophile. The mechanism for the given chemical transformation is to be interpreted.

Concept introduction:

Alkenes are unsaturated hydrocarbons with at least one double bond between the carbon atoms. The acid-catalyzed hydration reactions of alkene involve the reaction of an alkene with H3O+ ion via carbocation formation. The reaction occurs in the presence of dilute sulfuric acid.

Answer 8

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: The mechanism for the given chemical transformation is to be interpreted.

Concept introduction:

Alkenes are unsaturated hydrocarbons with at least one double bond between the carbon atoms. The acid-catalyzed hydration reactions of alkene involve the reaction of an alkene with H3O+ ion via carbocation formation. The reaction occurs in the presence of dilute sulfuric acid.

Answer 9

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: The mechanism for the given chemical transformation is to be interpreted.

Concept introduction:

Alkenes are unsaturated hydrocarbons with at least one double bond between the carbon atoms. The acid-catalyzed hydration reactions of alkene involve the reaction of an alkene with H3O+ ion via carbocation formation. The reaction occurs in the presence of dilute sulfuric acid.

Answer 10

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Answer 12

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Answer 13

Ch. 8.3 - Provide a systematic name for each of the...Ch. 8.3 - Prob. 2CC Ch. 8.3 - Prob. 3CC Ch. 8.3 - Prob. 4CC Ch. 8.5 - Prob. 5CC Ch. 8.5 - Prob. 6CC Ch. 8.5 - Prob. 1LTS Ch. 8.5 - Prob. 7PTS Ch. 8.5 - Prob. 8ATS Ch. 8.5 - Prob. 9CC

Solution Summary: The author explains the mechanism for the given chemical transformation. Alkenes are unsaturated hydrocarbons with at least one double bond between the carbon atoms.

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