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(a)
To explain: Whether the
(b)
To construct and interpret: The 95% confidence interval for the population mean total work performed in the sports drink treatment.
(c)
To explain: The
(d)
To construct and interpret: The 95% confidence interval for the population mean of the total work performed in the placebo treatment.
(e)
To explain: The event population mean of the total work performed for the placebo treatment to be more than 198 kilojoules is possible or not.
(f)
To explain: Whether the results of (b) and (d) support the conclusion of the researcher or not.
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Chapter 9 Solutions
Fundamentals of Statistics Plus MyLab Statistics with Pearson eText - Title-Specific Access Card Package (5th Edition)
- Welsch, Davis, Burke, and Williams (2002) conducted a study to evaluate the effectiveness of a carbohydrate-electrolyte drink on sports performance and endurance. Experienced athletes were given either a carbohydrate-electrolyte drink or a placebo while they were tested on a series of high-intensity exercises. One measure was how much time it took for the athletes to run to fatigue. Data similar to the results obtained in the study are shown in the following table: 8.3 Time to run to fatigue (in minutes) Group Mean SE (standard error) Placebo 21.7 2.2 Carbohydrate-electrolyte 28.6 2.7 Construct a bar graph that incorporates all of the information in the table. Looking at your graph, do you think that the carbohydrate-electrolyte drink helps performance? а. b.arrow_forwardIn a certain study, the effect on oat yield was compared for the Pallinup, Overberg and Magnifico varieties of oats and four different concentrations of manure (0, 0.2, 0.4 and 0.6 tonnes per acre). Identify the experimental units, response variable, factor(s), levels of each factor and treatments.arrow_forwardA deficiency of the trace element selenium in the diet can negatively impact growth, immunity, muscle and neuromuscular function, and fertility. The introduction of selenium supplements to dairy cows is justified when pastures have low selenium levels. Authors of a research paper supplied the following data on milk selenium concentration (mg/L) for a sample of cows given a selenium supplement (the treatment group) and a control sample given no supplement, both initially and after a 9-day period. Initial Measurement Treatment Control 11.4 9.1 9.6 8.7 10.1 9.7 8.5 10.8 10.2 10.9 10.6 10.6 11.9 10.1 9.9 12.3 10.7 8.8 10.2 10.4 10.3 10.9 11.4 10.4 9.3 11.6 10.6 10.9 10.9 8.3 After 9 Days Treatment Control 138.3 9.2 104 8.9 96.4 8.9 89 10.1 88 9.6 103.8 8.6 147.3 10.4 97.1 12.4 172.6 9.2 146.3 9.5 99 8.4 122.3 8.8 103 12.5 117.8 9.1 121.5 93 (a) Use the given data for the treatment group to determine if…arrow_forward
- A deficiency of the trace element selenium in the diet can negatively impact growth, immunity, muscle and neuromuscular function, and fertility. The introduction of selenium supplements to dairy cows is justified when pastures have low selenium levels. Authors of a research paper supplied the following data on milk selenium concentration (mg/L) for a sample of cows given a selenium supplement (the treatment group) and a control sample given no supplement, both initially and after a 9-day period. Initial Measurement Treatment Control 11.2 9.1 9.6 8.7 10.1 9.7 8.5 10.8 10.3 10.9 10.6 10.6 11.7 10.1 9.7 12.3 10.8 8.8 10.3 10.4 10.4 10.9 11.2 10.4 9.4 11.6 10.6 10.9 10.7 8.4 After 9 Days Treatment Control 138.3 9.3 104 8.7 96.4 8.7 89 10.1 88 9.6 103.8 8.6 147.3 10.2 97.1 12.2 172.6 9.3 146.3 9.5 99 8.2 122.3 8.9 103 12.5 117.8 9.1 121.5 93 (a) Use the given data for the treatment group to determine if there…arrow_forwardA deficiency of the trace element selenium in the diet can negatively impact growth, immunity, muscle and neuromuscular function, and fertility. The introduction of selenium supplements to dairy cows is justified when pastures have low selenium levels. Authors of a research paper supplied the following data on milk selenium concentration (mg/L) for a sample of cows given a selenium supplement (the treatment group) and a control sample given no supplement, both initially and after a 9-day period. Initial Measurement Treatment Control 11.3 9.1 9.7 8.7 10.1 9.7 8.5 10.8 10.4 10.9 10.7 10.6 11.8 10.1 9.8 12.3 10.6 8.8 10.4 10.4 10.2 10.9 11.3 10.4 9.2 11.6 10.7 10.9 10.8 8.2 After 9 Days Treatment Control 138.3 9.4 104 8.8 96.4 8.8 89 10.1 88 9.7 103.8 8.7 147.3 10.3 97.1 12.3 172.6 9.4 146.3 9.5 99 8.3 122.3 8.9 103 12.5 117.8 9.1 121.5 93 (a) Use the given data for the treatment group to determine if…arrow_forwardA study reported in the Journal of the America Medical Association investigated the cardiac demands of heavy snow shoveling. Ten healthy men underwent exercise testing with a treadmill and a cycle ergometer modified for arm cranking. The men then cleared two tracts of heavy, wet snow by using a lightweight plastic snow shovel and an electric snow thrower. Each subject's heart rate, blood pressure, oxygen uptake, and perceived exertion during snow removal were compared with the values obtained during treadmill and arm- crank ergometer testing. Suppose the heart rates in beats per minute for each of the 10 subjects were recorded at each physical activity (thus making it a repeated measures design with treatments treadmill, ergometer, show shovel, and snow thrower) and produced the following partial MANOVA result. Effect ACTIVITY Multivariate tests for repeated measure: DV_1 (Spreadsheet39) Sigma-restricted parameterization Effective hypothesis decomposition Test Value F Wilks 0.07167…arrow_forward
- Vitamin D is important for maintaining strong bones by helping the body absorb calcium from food and sup-plements. The recommended amount of vitamin D is 400 IU (international units) per day. Many people take vitamin D supplements, often at levels greatly exceeding the recommended daily amount. What is the effect of taking too much vitamin D? Researchers investigated this in a double-blind randomized clinical trial. Subjects were divided into three groups. One, consisting of 109 subjects, took 400 IU per day for three years. second group, consisting of 100 subjects, took 4,000 IU per day for three years. A third group, consisting of 102 subjects, took 10,000 IU per day for three years. The total volumetric bone mass density of the tibia (the large bone located in the lower front portion of the leg, sometimes referred to as the shinbone) was measured in order to assess the effect of the different dosages of Vitamin D.11 The degrees of freedom for the ANOVA F statistic comparing the mean…arrow_forwardAfter stinging its victim, the honeybee leaves behind the barbed stinger, poison sac and muscles that continue to pump venom into the wound. Visscher et al. (1996) compared the effects of two methods of removing the stinger left behind: scraping off with a credit card or pinching off with thumb and index finger. A total of 40 stings were induced on volunteers. Twenty were removed with the credit card method and 20 were removed with the pinching method. The size of the subsequent welt by each measurement came from two volunteers (both authors of the study), each of whom received one treatment 10 times on the one arm and the other treatment 10 times on the other arm. Pinching led to a slightly smaller average welt, but the difference between the methods was not significant. Does this study include a control group? Enter the number of the best answer choice from the options below Yes, the control group is the group receiving the credit card method. Yes, the control group is the…arrow_forwardHyperhidrosis is a stressful medical condition characterized by chronic excessive sweating. Botox was approved for treatment of hyperhidrosis in adults in 2004. A clinical trial examined the effectiveness of Botox for excessive armpit sweating in teenagers aged 12 to 17 years. Participants received either a Botox injection or a placebo injection (a simple saline solution) and were examined four weeks later to see if their sweating had been reduced. Here are the study's findings: Botox Placebo Total Reduced 72 76 148 Not Reduced 28 124 152 Total 100 200 300 Construct a 95% confidence interval for p₁ - p2 where p₁ denotes the proportion of teenagers who experienced a reduction in sweating in the Botox group and på denotes the proportion of teenagers who experienced a reduction in sweating in the placebo group. Round your answers to three decimal places, and use four decimal places for any interim calculations. Confidence Interval: ( We are 95% confident that there [Select an answer ✓ a…arrow_forward
- Hyperhidrosis is a stressful medical condition characterized by chronic excessive sweating. Botox was approved for treatment of hyperhidrosis in adults in 2004. A clinical trial examined the effectiveness of Botox for excessive armpit sweating in teenagers aged 12 to 17 years. Participants received either a Botox injection or a placebo injection (a simple saline solution) and were examined four weeks later to see if their sweating had been reduced. Here are the study's findings: Botox Placebo Total Reduced Confidence Interval: 70 68 138 - Not Reduced 30 We are 80% confident that there is hyperhidrosis who experienced a reduction in sweating. 132 162 Total 100 Construct a 80% confidence interval for p₁ P2 where p₁ denotes the proportion of teenagers who experienced a reduction in sweating in the Botox group and p2 denotes the proportion of teenagers who experienced a reduction in sweating in the placebo group. Round your answers to three decimal places, and use four decimal places for…arrow_forwardHyperhidrosis is a stressful medical condition characterized by chronic excessive sweating. Botox was approved for treatment of hyperhidrosis in adults in 2004. A clinical trial examined the effectiveness of Botox for excessive armpit sweating in teenagers aged 12 to 17 years. Participants received either a Botox injection or a placebo injection (a simple saline solution) and were examined four weeks later to see if their sweating had been reduced. Here are the study's findings: Botox Placebo Total Reduced Confidence Interval: 70 68 138 Not Reduced 30 132 162 Total 100 200 300 Construct a 80% confidence interval for p₁ P2 where P1 denotes the proportion of teenagers who experienced a reduction in sweating in the Botox group and på denotes the proportion of teenagers who experienced a reduction in sweating in the placebo group. Round your answers to three decimal places, and use four decimal places for any interim calculations. We are 80% confident that there Select an answer a…arrow_forwardHyperhidrosis is a stressful medical condition characterized by chronic excessive sweating. Botox was approved for treatment of hyperhidrosis in adults in 2004. A clinical trial examined the effectiveness of Botox for excessive armpit sweating in teenagers aged 12 to 17 years. Participants received either a Botox injection or a placebo injection (a simple saline solution) and were examined four weeks later to see if their sweating had been reduced. Here are the study's findings: Botox Placebo Total Reduced Confidence Interval: 72 52 124 Not Reduced 28 We are 95% confident that there is hyperhidrosis who experienced a reduction in sweating. 148 176 Total 100 200 - Construct a 95% confidence interval for p₁ - P2 where p₁ denotes the proportion of teenagers who experienced a reduction in sweating in the Botox group and p2 denotes the proportion of teenagers who experienced a reduction in sweating in the placebo group. Round your answers to three decimal places, and use four decimal places…arrow_forward
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