Biology 2e
2nd Edition
ISBN: 9781947172517
Author: Matthew Douglas, Jung Choi, Mary Ann Clark
Publisher: OpenStax
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Textbook Question
Chapter 9, Problem 15RQ
How does NF-kB induce gene expression?
- A small, hydrophobic ligand binds to NF-kB, activating it.
- Phosphorylation of the inhibitor Ik-B dissociates the complex between it and NF- kB, and allows NF-kB to enter the nucleus and stimulate transcription.
- NF-kB is phosphorylated and is then free to enter the nucleus and bind DNA.
- NF-kB is a kinase that phosphorylates a transcription factor that binds DNA and promotes protein production.
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which of the following correctly describes how protein kinase A can activate genes?
A: nuclear protein kinase A is activated by cAMP to phosphorylate general transcription factors
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C: cytosolic protein kinase A is activated by cAMP to release the catalytic subunits, which move into the nucleus and phosphorylate general transcription factors
D: G protein-coupled receptors may be desensitized by serine phosphorylation
Two protein kinases, barley kinase and hops kinase, function sequentially in an intracellular signaling pathway. If either kinase contains a mutation that permanently inactivates it, no response is seen in cells when an extracellular signal is received. A mutation that permanently activates barley results in a response even when there is no extracellular signal. You characterize a double mutant in which hops has the inactivating mutation and barley has the activating mutation. You observe that a response is seen in the double mutants even in the absence of an extracellular signal. In the normal signaling pathway, does barley phosphorylate hops or does hops phosphorylate barley? Briefly explain your answer.
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Chapter 9 Solutions
Biology 2e
Ch. 9 - Figure 9.8 HER2 is a receptor tyrosine kinase. In...Ch. 9 - Figure 9.10 In certain cancers, the GTPase...Ch. 9 - Figure 9.17 Which of the following statements...Ch. 9 - Figure 9.18 What advantage might biofilm...Ch. 9 - What property prevents the ligands of cell-surface...Ch. 9 - The secretion of hormones by the pituitary gland...Ch. 9 - Why are ion channels necessary to transport ions...Ch. 9 - Endocrine signals are transmitted more slowly than...Ch. 9 - A scientist notices that when she adds a small,...Ch. 9 - Where do DAG and IP3 originate? They are formed by...
Ch. 9 - What property enables the residues of the amino...Ch. 9 - Histamine binds to the H1 G-protein-linked...Ch. 9 - A scientist observes a mutation in the...Ch. 9 - What is the function of a phosphatase? A...Ch. 9 - How does NF-kB induce gene expression? A small,...Ch. 9 - Apoptosis can occur in a cell when the cell is...Ch. 9 - What is the effect of an inhibitor binding an...Ch. 9 - How does PKC’s signaling role change in response...Ch. 9 - A scientist notices that a cancer cell line fails...Ch. 9 - Which type of molecule acts as a signaling...Ch. 9 - Quorum sensing is triggered to begin when...Ch. 9 - A doctor is researching new ways to treat biofilms...Ch. 9 - What is the difference between intracellular...Ch. 9 - How are the effects of paracrine signaling limited...Ch. 9 - What are the differences between internal...Ch. 9 - Cells grown in the laboratory are mixed with a dye...Ch. 9 - Insulin is a hormone that regulates blood sugar by...Ch. 9 - The same second messengers are used in many...Ch. 9 - What would happen if the intracellular domain of a...Ch. 9 - If a cell developed a mutation in its MAP2K1 gene...Ch. 9 - What is a possible result of a mutation in a...Ch. 9 - How does the extracellular matrix control the...Ch. 9 - A scientist notices that a cancer cell line shows...Ch. 9 - What characteristics make yeasts a good model for...Ch. 9 - Why is signaling in multicellular organisms more...Ch. 9 - Pseudomonas infections are very common in hospital...
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