Concepts of Genetics (12th Edition)
12th Edition
ISBN: 9780134604718
Author: William S. Klug, Michael R. Cummings, Charlotte A. Spencer, Michael A. Palladino, Darrell Killian
Publisher: PEARSON
expand_more
expand_more
format_list_bulleted
Concept explainers
Videos
Textbook Question
Chapter 9, Problem 17ESP
(a) In humans the mitochondrial genome encodes a low number of proteins, rRNAs, and tRNAs but imports approximately 1100 proteins encoded by the nuclear genome. Yet, with such a small proportion from the mitochondrial genome encoding proteins and RNAs, a disproportionately high number of genetic disorders due to mtDNA mutations have been identified [Bigger, B. et al. (1999)]. What inheritance pattern would you expect in a three-generation pedigree in which the grandfather expresses the initial mtDNA defect? What inheritance pattern would you expect in a three-generation pedigree in which the grandmother expresses the initial mtDNA defect? (b) Considering the description in part (a) above, how would your pedigrees change if you knew that the mutation that caused the mitochondrial defect was recessive and located in the nuclear genome, was successfully transported into mitochondria, and negated a physiologically important mitochondrial function?
Expert Solution & Answer
Want to see the full answer?
Check out a sample textbook solution
Students have asked these similar questions
In mice, the trait for high cholesterol is specified by a dominant allele designatedHC, whereas the wild-type allele for normal cholesterol levels is designated hc.Black fur is specified by a recessive allele designated bl, whereas the wild-typeallele which gives brown fur is designated BL. The genes for both of these traitsare 30cM apart on the same autosome. A brown female (#1) with high cholesterolis mated to a black male (#2) with normal cholesterol. The progeny from this crossinclude a brown male (#3) with high cholesterol and a black female (#4) withnormal cholesterol. Mouse #3 is mated to a brown female (#5) with normalcholesterol. If 4 mice are produced from this cross, what is the probability that all 4will have brown fur?
In mice, the trait for high cholesterol is specified by a dominant allele designated HC, whereas the wild-type allele for normal cholesterol levels is designated hc. Black fur is specified by a recessive allele designated bl, whereas the wild-type allele which gives brown fur is designated BL. The genes for both of these traits are 30cM apart on the same autosome. A brown female (#1) with high cholesterol is mated to a black male (#2) with normal cholesterol. The progeny from this cross include a brown male (#3) with high cholesterol and a black female (#4) with normal cholesterol. What is the probability that the black mouse in the progeny of the first cross will also have high cholesterol?
In the fruit fly, recessive mutations in either of two independently assorting genes, brown and purple, prevent the synthesis of red pigment in the eyes. Thus, homozygotes for either of these mutations have brownish-purple eyes. However, heterozygotes for both of these mutations have dark red, that is, wild-type eyes. If such double heterozygotes are intercrossed, what kinds of progeny will be produced, and in what proportions?
Chapter 9 Solutions
Concepts of Genetics (12th Edition)
Ch. 9 - Chlamydomonas, a eukaryoric green alga, may be...Ch. 9 - In aerobically cultured yeast, a petite mutant is...Ch. 9 - DNA in human mitochondria encodes 22 different...Ch. 9 - Prob. 4NSTCh. 9 - Why did Marcia choose mitochondrial testing to...Ch. 9 - Marcia saw an ad on television for ancestry DNA...Ch. 9 - How much importance should we place on the results...Ch. 9 - HOW DO WE KNOW? In this chapter, we focused on...Ch. 9 - Review the Chapter Concepts list on page 196. The...Ch. 9 - Streptomycin resistance in Chlamydomonas may...
Ch. 9 - A plant may have green, white, or green-and-white...Ch. 9 - In diploid yeast strains, sporulation and...Ch. 9 - Predict the results of a cross between ascospores...Ch. 9 - In Lymnaea, what results would you expect in a...Ch. 9 - In a cross of Lymnaea, the snail contributing the...Ch. 9 - In Drosophila subobscura, the presence of a...Ch. 9 - A male mouse from a true-breeding strain of...Ch. 9 - Consider the case where a mutation occurs that...Ch. 9 - What is the endosymbiotic theory, and why is this...Ch. 9 - In an earlier Problems and Discussion section (see...Ch. 9 - Mitochondrial replacement therapy (MRT) offers a...Ch. 9 - The specification of the anteriorposterior axis in...Ch. 9 - The maternal-effect mutation bicoid (bcd) is...Ch. 9 - (a) In humans the mitochondrial genome encodes a...Ch. 9 - Mutations in mitochondrial DNA appear to be...Ch. 9 - Researchers examined a family with an interesting...Ch. 9 - Payne, B. A. et al. (2013) present evidence that a...Ch. 9 - As mentioned in Section 9.3, mtDNA accumulates...Ch. 9 - Because offspring inherit the mitochondrial genome...
Additional Science Textbook Solutions
Find more solutions based on key concepts
Visit this site (http://openstaxcollege.org/l/heartvalve) to observe an echocardiogram of actual heart valves o...
Anatomy & Physiology
a. What three lineages of lobe-fins survive today? b. Go back to the phylogenetic tree in Interactive Question ...
Study Guide for Campbell Biology
1. The correct sequence of levels forming the structural hierarchy is
A. (a) organ, organ system, cellular, che...
Human Anatomy & Physiology (Marieb, Human Anatomy & Physiology) Standalone Book
Why are mutants used as test organisms in the Ames test?
Laboratory Experiments in Microbiology (11th Edition)
Relative thickness of the myocardium in different chambers; the functional significance of those differences; a...
Anatomy & Physiology: The Unity of Form and Function
Knowledge Booster
Learn more about
Need a deep-dive on the concept behind this application? Look no further. Learn more about this topic, biology and related others by exploring similar questions and additional content below.Similar questions
- This pedigree traces the inheritance of a trait in humans. Based on this pedigree, is the allele for this disease dominant or recessive? Is it sex-linked? Explain. What genotypes are most probable for the individuals labeled 4, 7, and 10?arrow_forwardIn 2018, scientists published a paper describing three unusual human families where some individuals ex- hibited biparental inheritance of mitochondria. The researchers made this discovery by determining the base-pair sequences of the mtDNAs of many individ- uals in each family, and the results are shown in the three pedigree diagrams that follow. The filled-in (blue) symbols represent family members who inher- ited mtDNAs from both of their parents. a. The scientists who authored this study suggest that the data hint at the following model: The transmis- sion of paternal mtDNA to the zygote depends on transmission of an autosomal dominant mutant al- lele through the male germ line. Which aspects of the pedigrees are consistent with this hypothesis? b. The precise mechanism by which paternal mitochon- dria are normally excluded from human zygotes is unknown. If the hypothesis in part (a) is correct, what do these results suggest about the mechanism?arrow_forwardIn a study of a muscle disorder, several affected families exhibited vision problems, muscle weakness, and deafness (M. Zeviani et al. 1990. American Journal of Human Genetics 47:904–914). Analysis of the mtDNA from affected members of these families revealed that large numbers of their mtDNA molecules possessed deletions of varying lengths. Different members of the same family and even different mitochondria from the same person possessed deletions of different sizes, so the underlying defect appeared to be a tendency for the mtDNA of affected persons to have deletions. A pedigree of one of the families studied is shown below. The researchers concluded that this disorder is inherited as an autosomal dominant trait, and they mapped the diseasecausing gene to a position on chromosome 10 in the nucleus. Q. What characteristics of the pedigree rule out inheritance of a trait encoded by a gene in the mtDNA as the cause of this disorder?arrow_forward
- In a study of a muscle disorder, several affected families exhibited vision problems, muscle weakness, and deafness (M. Zeviani et al. 1990. American Journal of Human Genetics 47:904–914). Analysis of the mtDNA from affected members of these families revealed that large numbers of their mtDNA molecules possessed deletions of varying lengths. Different members of the same family and even different mitochondria from the same person possessed deletions of different sizes, so the underlying defect appeared to be a tendency for the mtDNA of affected persons to have deletions. A pedigree of one of the families studied is shown below. The researchers concluded that this disorder is inherited as an autosomal dominant trait, and they mapped the diseasecausing gene to a position on chromosome 10 in the nucleus. Q. Explain how a mutation in a nuclear gene might lead to deletions in mtDNA.arrow_forwardOne particularly useful feature of the Hardy-Weinberg equation is that it allows us to estimate the frequency of heterozygotes for recessive genetic diseases, assuming that Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium exists. As an example, let’s consider cystic fibrosis, which is a human genetic disease involving a gene that encodes a chloride transporter. Persons with this disorder have an irregularity in salt and water balance. One of the symptoms is thick mucus in the lungs that can contribute to repeated lung infections. In populations of Northern European descent, the frequency of affected individuals is approximately 1 in 2500. Because this is a recessive disorder, affected individuals are homozygotes. Assuming that the population is in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium, what is the frequency of individuals who are heterozygous carriers?arrow_forwardThe mutant genes for vestigial wings and singed bristles are approximately 30 map units apart on chromosome II in Drosophila. Assume that a vestigial-winged female was mated to a singed-bristle male, and that the resulting F1 phenotypically wild type females were mated to vestigial singed males. Of 1000 offspring, which phenotype class would represent the product of crossing over between the genes, and how many would you expect? a) vestigial, 300 flies b) vestigial, 150 flies wild type, 300 flies d) singed, 150 flies e) vestigial, singed double mutants, 150 fliesarrow_forward
- In humans, the glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) gene involved in sugar metabolismis X-linked. The dominant allele (G) codes for fast enzymes for normal cell functioning while the recessiveallele (g) codes for slow enzymes, which are responsible for the reduced enzymatic activity of cells.However, the presence of slow enzymes has minimal effect in the overall functioning of heterozygotes,thus normal. Recessives, however, are more prone to oxidative reactions that speed up the celldamaging process, thus weak (but not lethal). If random inactivation occurs during dosage compensation,what would be the genotypes and phenotypes of the children of a heterozygous mother and a recessivefather?arrow_forwardWhich of the pedigrees shown above could be one showing the inheritance of a non-lethal mitochondrial disease?arrow_forwardGiven that the mutation causing deafness in the family shown in Figure 19–26 is very rare, what is the most probable genotype of each of the four children in generation II?arrow_forward
- The complete absence of one or more teeth (tooth agenesis) is a common trait in humans—indeed, more than 20% of humans lack one or more of their third molars. However, more severe tooth agenesis, defined as the absence of six or more teeth, is less common and is frequently an inherited condition. L. Lammi and colleagues examined tooth agenesis in the Finnish family shown in the pedigree below. Q.If III-2 and III-7 married and had a child, what is the probability that their child would have tooth agenesis?arrow_forwardFrom the pedigree in Figure 3-25, what principle can youdeduce about the inheritance of mitochondrial diseasefrom affected fathers?arrow_forwardA rare blinding disease that has a relation to dengenerative factors is partially penetrant. In the following pedigrees for two families, the affected symptomatic individuals (black circles and squares) have been diagnosed with this disease due to the mutation in mitochondrial DNA m.14484T>C. If III.4 is homoplasmic for m.14484T>C in hair, blood, urine and other tissues examined. What will occur with IV.7 then?arrow_forward
arrow_back_ios
SEE MORE QUESTIONS
arrow_forward_ios
Recommended textbooks for you
Human Heredity: Principles and Issues (MindTap Co...BiologyISBN:9781305251052Author:Michael CummingsPublisher:Cengage Learning
Human Heredity: Principles and Issues (MindTap Co...
Biology
ISBN:9781305251052
Author:Michael Cummings
Publisher:Cengage Learning
Mitochondrial mutations; Author: Useful Genetics;https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=GvgXe-3RJeU;License: CC-BY