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Concept explainers
To explain: The conclusion that can be drawn about the possible source of the sleep inducing factors from Person H’s 1913 experiment on sleep-inducing factors.
Introduction: Body of living organisms responds to different situations in one or another manner. For some situations, physical responses are given by the body, while for other situations, physiological changes takes place in the body. Different
To explain: The control measures that Person H have taken while conducting his experiment on sleep-depriving factors (during 1913).
Introduction: Taking adequate amount of rest and sleep is very important for all the living beings. Inadequate sleep can generate different types of physiological responses in the body that can affect the normal functioning of the body. Different chemicals generated in the body during shortage of sleep affects an individual’s body.
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Chapter 9 Solutions
EBK HUMAN PHYSIOLOGY
- Which of the following neurotransmitter abnormalities is thought to be associated with schizophrenia? Question 52 options: a) Decreased levels of norepinephrine b) Decreased levels of GABA c) Increased levels of glutamate d) Increased levels of acetylcholinearrow_forwardIn PET scans, red areas are brain regions that are most active, while blue, yellow, and green areas are least active. Figure 13.24 shows PET scans of normal brain activity (left) and (right) of the brain of a person while using cocaine. The frontal lobes of the brain hemispheres are toward the top of the scans. Their neurons play major roles in reasoning and other intellectual functions. Looking at these scan images, how do you suppose cocaine may affect mental functioning?arrow_forwardParents of a 16-year-old male client who has been behaving in increasingly bizarre ways in recent months are shocked that he has been diagnosed with schizophrenia. Which of the mother's statements about her son's diagnosis demonstrates an accurate understanding of the disease? Question 58 options: a) “This makes us even more worried about his younger brother and whether he might develop schizophrenia.” b) “We're committed to lovingly but firmly convincing him that his delusions aren't based in reality.” c) “We are somewhat relieved that psychotherapy and a supportive environment will resolve most of the positive and negative symptoms.” d) “It's disturbing to know that what I did when I was pregnant and the way we raised him contributed to this.”arrow_forward
- 34. Elon wants to find a way to prevent visitors to his factory and labs from remembering anything about what they've seen. He asks you to come up with a couple of ways of preventing the formation of declarative memories. Pretend you have no morals whatsoever and can be as invasive as you'd like. Which of the following techniques would be LEAST effective for this goal? a. Administering a CaMKIIa inhibitor on the hippocampus b. Destroying the hippocampus c. Destroying the prefrontal cortex d. Administering a NMDA receptor blocker in the hippocampusarrow_forwardLong-term stress and sleep deprivation is associated with memory loss and negative thoughts.Subjects in a research study were shown images after they received either a full night’s rest or limited rest. The subjects were shown negative, positive, and neutral images. The subjects with limited rest remembered most of the negative images but only half of the positive and neutral images.The structures of the brain affected by long-term stress and sleep deprivation are, respectively: Select one: a. Long-Term Stress Sleep Deprivation Temporal lobe Frontal lobe b. Long-Term Stress Sleep Deprivation Temporal lobe Parietal lobe c. Long-Term Stress Sleep Deprivation Frontal lobe Occipital lobe d. Long-Term Stress Sleep Deprivation Frontal lobe Parietal lobearrow_forwardTypical antipsychotic drugs exert their therapeutic effects on the positive symptoms of schizophrenia by which of the following mechanisms? Question 49 options: a) Blocking the reuptake of dopamine, increasing the amount of dopamine in the synapse b) Stimulating dopamine D1 receptors in the prefrontal cortex c) Binding to dopamine D2 receptors and inhibiting dopamine signalling d) Decreasing the production of dopamine in the basal gangliaarrow_forward
- Epilepsy Epilepsy is a neurological disorder that disrupts neural activities and causes recurrent seizures. About 70% of people with epilepsy can be treated with medication to prevent seizures from occurring. If medication does not work, surgery is an option for some patients. One of the procedures involves cutting the brain so that the seizures cannot be spread to other parts of the brain. An individual was suffering from violent headaches and blurred vision for several years. A doctor determined that this individual had a tumour on the anterior pituitary. Explain why this person was experiencing blurred vision.arrow_forwardWhich of the following statement regarding extinction of learned response is INCORRECT? a.) Extinction of fear/emotional response is often impaired in PTSD b.) The extinguished response is suppressed and can often recover without the need to relearn it c.) It may occur when conditioned stimulus is presented repeatedly without unconditioned stimulus d.) The extinguished response is forgotten and can be relearnedarrow_forwardYou are trying to explain the ventricular system of the brain to your younger sister. You tell her the following: Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) is formed as a filtrate of blood at the level of a choroid plexus. It passes through ependymal cells to the space between the arachnid mater and pia mater. Once it has traveled around the periphery of the brain within this space between those two meninges, the CSF then accumulates in the third ventricle. Once there, it passes to the fourth ventricle via the cerebral aqueduct and then travels via the central canal to the spinal cord. It is finally reabsorbed by the arachnoid granulations. The cerebrospinal fluid is turned over about three times every 24 hours. What error did you make in this description? Practice g• 6S: The CSF travels from the third ventricle to the fourth ventricle via the cerebral aqueduct When being formed it has to pass through ependymal cells The CSF is reabsorbed by arachnoid granulations The CSF travels from the subarachnoid…arrow_forward
- A long time ago, there once was an anti-drug public service announcement campaign that showed fried eggs in a pan with the voiceover, "This is your brain on drugs." Let's find out why that ad campaign is true. 1) Pick a non-legal drug. 2) Research what it does to the brain in detail. 3) Are addicts of this drug's brains different from brains of non-addicts? 4) Why or why not? 5) What treatments are used for addicts of this drug? 6) What helps people recover from this drug's addiction besides medicines?arrow_forwardAt high doses of stimulants, people who abuse stimulants may exhibit behaviors that mimic schizophrenia. How would you describe the behaviors they exhibit?. What changes neurochemically may be the cause of these behaviors?arrow_forwardWhat biological markers have been found that might indicate the presence of Alzheimer's disease in a human being?arrow_forward
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