EBK HUMAN PHYSIOLOGY
8th Edition
ISBN: 9780134704227
Author: Silverthorn
Publisher: YUZU
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Chapter 9, Problem 33RQ
Summary Introduction
To explain: The reason behind disruption in normal brain functioning because of lowered osmolarity and Na+ concentration causing seizures.
Introduction: All the cells in the body have their own osmolarity and ionic concentrations in them according to their function and physiological condition of the body. These are maintained at steady state by different methods which are called as homeostatic processes. Maintenance of homeostasis is very important to enable the cell perform its function correctly.
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Chapter 9 Solutions
EBK HUMAN PHYSIOLOGY
Ch. 9.2 - Prob. 1CCCh. 9.3 - Name the four kinds of glial cells found in the...Ch. 9.3 - Prob. 3CCCh. 9.3 - Prob. 4CCCh. 9.3 - Prob. 5CCCh. 9.3 - Prob. 6CCCh. 9.3 - Prob. 7CCCh. 9.3 - Prob. 8CCCh. 9.3 - Prob. 9CCCh. 9.3 - In the late 1800s, the scientist Paul Ehrlich...
Ch. 9.3 - Prob. 11CCCh. 9.4 - Prob. 12CCCh. 9.4 - Prob. 13CCCh. 9.5 - Are the following white matter or gray matter? (a)...Ch. 9.5 - Using the information from Table 9.1, describe the...Ch. 9.5 - In anatomical directional terminology, the...Ch. 9.5 - Prob. 17CCCh. 9.5 - Prob. 18CCCh. 9.5 - Prob. 19CCCh. 9.5 - Prob. 20CCCh. 9.6 - Prob. 21CCCh. 9 - Prob. 1RQCh. 9 - Prob. 2RQCh. 9 - Prob. 3RQCh. 9 - In vertebrates, the central nervous system is...Ch. 9 - Prob. 5RQCh. 9 - Prob. 6RQCh. 9 - Prob. 7RQCh. 9 - Prob. 8RQCh. 9 - Prob. 9RQCh. 9 - Prob. 10RQCh. 9 - Prob. 11RQCh. 9 - What does cerebral lateralization refer to? What...Ch. 9 - Match each of the following areas with its...Ch. 9 - Name the 12 cranial nerves in numerical order and...Ch. 9 - Name and define the two major phases of sleep. How...Ch. 9 - List several homeostatic reflexes and behaviors...Ch. 9 - Prob. 17RQCh. 9 - What are the broad categories of learning? Define...Ch. 9 - Prob. 19RQCh. 9 - Prob. 20RQCh. 9 - Prob. 21RQCh. 9 - What are the three brain systems that regulate...Ch. 9 - Explain the role of Wernickes and Brocas areas in...Ch. 9 - Compare and contrast the following concepts: a....Ch. 9 - What properties do motivational states have in...Ch. 9 - Prob. 26RQCh. 9 - Prob. 27RQCh. 9 - Prob. 28RQCh. 9 - Mr. Andersen, a stroke patient, experiences...Ch. 9 - Prob. 30RQCh. 9 - Prob. 31RQCh. 9 - Prob. 32RQCh. 9 - Prob. 33RQ
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- Sodium is an incredibly important substance in our body. You may remember from Module 1 that sodium ions play a crucial role in conducting nerve impulses during depolarization. You may also remember from Biology 20 that sodium is involved in muscle contractions. Hyponatremia is a condition where there is too little sodium in the body. This can result in difficulty processing thoughts, nausea, decreased ability to balance, seizures and coma. On the other hand, an excessive amount of sodium or hypernatremia, in the body can also lead to many different neurological problems including seizures and coma. Katrina has an excessive amount of sodium ions in her blood plasma. This is occurring despite the fact that she had been watching her salt intake and ensuring that she's drinking enough fluid throughout the day. Which hormone imbalance is causing this problem for Katrina? Explain your reasoning hormone: ___________________ reason: ______________________arrow_forwardThere is a toxin extracted from pufferfish called tetrodotoxin (TTX), which completely inhibits (blocks) voltage-gated sodium channels. In low doses it can cause a slight numbness (people eat contaminated pufferfish sometimes!), in high doses it is lethal. Why is this the case? It prevents glutamate uptake and reuptake, causing seizures in the brain Ob. It causes excess neuronal activity, leading to excitotoxicity and cell death It destroys myelin around axons, slowing action potential propagation It prevents action potentials from being initiated, stopping all synaptic transmission O 0 o oarrow_forwardIn the introduction section the authors wrote “In general, the polarity-dependent mechanisms are recognized to cause membrane depolarization by anodal stimulation which increases cerebral excitability, or membrane hyperpolarization by cathodal stimulation leading to a decrease in neuronal excitability.” Based on this quote what affect, if any, does anodal stimulation have on ion channels?arrow_forward
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- The resting membrane potential is a negative value because of:arrow_forwardNeurons have a resting membrane potential of ___________________. varying votage as type and composition of channels can differ between neurons. theoretically the same votage because the ionic concentration is the same extracellularly and intracellularly for all neurons. equal to the equillibrium potential for potassium. directly opposing the equillibrium potential for sodium.arrow_forwardWhat happens across the membrane of an electrically active cell is a dynamic process that is hard to visualize with static images or through text descriptions. View this animation (http://openstaxcollege.org/l/dynamic1) to learn more about this process. What is the difference between the driving force for Na+ and K+? And what is similar about the movement of these two ions?arrow_forward
- The following compounds exhibit little to no adrenergic receptor function. Consider what components of adrenaline and noradrenaline are necessary for their action as agonists in light of this knowledge. Explain your response. Assume that the pH of the body is 7.arrow_forwardWhich of the following does not influence (i.e has no impact on) the value of the Nernst potential for Na+? The extracellular Na+ concentration The intracellular Na+ concentration The charge on Na+ The number of Na+ channels openarrow_forwardThe figure below may help in answering some of the questions. 1. What ions are flowing (and in which direction) both during the rising phase and the falling phase of the action potential? 2. What are the values of both the 'y' (vertical) axis and the 'x' (horizontal) axis. 3. If extracellular levels of K+ rose (a condition called hyperkalemia), how would that affect the resting membrane potential? 3arrow_forward
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