COLLEGE PHYSICS
2nd Edition
ISBN: 9781711470832
Author: OpenStax
Publisher: XANEDU
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Chapter 9, Problem 33PE
To determine
(a)
The force in the Achilles tendon.
To determine
(b)
The force at the pivot.
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A person places his hand palm downward on a scale and pushes down on the scale until it reads (8.31x10^1) N. The triceps muscle is responsible for this arm extension force. Find the force (in N) exerted by the triceps muscle. The bottom of the triceps muscle is 2.50 cm to the left of the elbow joint, and the palm is pushing at approximately 35.0 cm to the right of the elbow joint. (please ignore the number 96 shown in the scale). Give your answer with three significant figures.
A 50 N hand and forearm are held at a 35° angle to the vertically oriented humerus. The CG of the forearm and hand is located at a distance of 12.5 cm from the joint center at the elbow, and the elbow flexor muscles attach at an average distance of 2.5 cm from the joint center. (Assume that the muscles attach at an angle of 35° to the forearm bones.) How much force must be exerted by the forearm flexors to maintain this position?
A 75-kg man stands on his toes by exerting an upward force through the Achilles tendon, as in Figure 9.42. (a) What is the force in the Achilles tendon if he stands on one foot? (b) Calculate the force at the pivot of the simplified lever system shown—that force is representative of forces in the ankle joint.
Chapter 9 Solutions
COLLEGE PHYSICS
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- A 50 N hand and forearm are held at a 35° angle to the vertically oriented humerus. The CG of the forearm and hand is located at a distance of 12.5 cm from the joint center at the elbow, and the elbow flexor muscles attach at an average distance of 2.5 cm from the joint center. (Assume that the muscles attach at an angle of 35° to the forearm bones.) How much force must the forearm flexors exert if a 50 N weight is held in the hand at a distance along the arm of 25 cm?arrow_forwardAn individual leans forwards to pick up a box of 100 N. The weight of his upper body has a magnitude of 450 N. The back is pivoting around the base of the vertebral column. Consider the back of the individual as a rigid bar that is controlled by a muscle with an angle of 12° (See picture, d = trunk-head distance = 1 m).a) Calculate the magnitude of muscle force required to lift the box.b) Calculate the magnitude of the force at the base of the vertebral column. Hints: For (a) solve the equilibrium of moments, i.e. what force is required in the muscle to balance out the moments acting around the base of the spine.For (b), solve the equilibrium of forces acting on the spine, including the muscle force you’ve just calculated, in x and y separately. There are two extra forces not shown in the diagram: x and y contact forces acting at the base of the spine. These are whatever is needed to keep the total forces acting on the spine = 0 (so the spine isn’t accelerating off in some…arrow_forwardA person bending forward to lift a load "with his back" (Figure a) rather than with his knees" can be injured by large forces exerted on the muscles and vertebrae. The spine pivots mainly at the fifth lumbar vertebra, with the principal supporting force provided by the erector spinalis muscle in the back. To see the magnitude of the forces involved, and to understand why back problems are common among humans, consider the model shown in Figure b, of a person bending forward to lift a W-195-N object. The spine and upper body are represented as a uniform horizontal rod of weight W-295 N pivoted at the base of the spine. The erector spinalls muscle, attached at a point two-thirds of the way up the spine, maintains the position of the back. The angle between the spine and this muscle is 12.0° Back muscle Pivot R₂ T120 T W W₂ 0 (a) Find the tension in the back muscle. KN D (b) Find the compressional force in the spine. (Enter the magnitude.) KNarrow_forward
- 3. A person holds a 10.0 kg lead ball in his hand, a distance of 32.0 cm from the elbow joint, as shown. The biceps, attached at a distance of 2.5 cm from the elbow, exerts an upward force on the forearm. Consider the forearm and hand to be a uniform rod with a mass of 1.50 kg. Calculate the force provided by the biceps muscle in order to hold the arm horizontally as shown. Use the elbow joint as the pivot point. Biceps 32 cm 2.5 cmarrow_forwardA person bending forward to lift a load "with his back" (Figure a) rather than "with his knees" can be injured by large forces exerted on the muscles and vertebrae. The spine pivots mainly at the fifth lumbar vertebra, with the principal supporting force provided by the erector spinalis muscle in the back. To see the magnitude of the forces involved, and to understand why back problems are common among humans, consider the model shown in Figure b, of a person bending forward to lift a Wo = 195-N object. The spine and upper body are represented as a uniform horizontal rod of weight W₁ = 305 N pivoted at the base of the spine. The erector spinalis muscle, attached at a point two-thirds of the way up the spine, maintains the position of the back. The angle between the spine and this muscle is 12.0⁰. Back muscle R₂ T 12.0° 1T Rx Pivot a Wb Wo ..(a).Find the tension in the back muscle. 1.114 Enter a number. differs from the correct answer by more than 10%. Double check your calculations. kN…arrow_forwardA person bending forward to lift a load "with his back" (Figure a) rather than "with his knees" can be injured by large forces exerted on the muscles and vertebrae. The spine pivots mainly at the fifth lumbar vertebra, with the principal supporting force provided by the erector spinalis muscle in the back. To see the magnitude of the forces involved, and to understand why back problems are common among humans, consider the model shown in Figure b, of a person bending forward to lift a Wo = 210–N object. The spine and upper body are represented as a uniform horizontal rod of weight Wb = 325 N pivoted at the base of the spine. The erector spinalis muscle, attached at a point two-thirds of the way up the spine, maintains the position of the back. The angle between the spine and this muscle is 12.0arrow_forward
- A person bending forward to lift a load "with his back" (Figure a) rather than "with his knees" can be injured by large forces exerted on the muscles and vertebrae. The spine pivots mainly at the fifth lumbar vertebra, with the principal supporting force provided by the erector spinalis muscle in the back. To see the magnitude of the forces involved, and to understand why back problems are common among humans, consider the model shown in Figure b, of a person bending forward to lift a Wo = 210–N object. The spine and upper body are represented as a uniform horizontal rod of weight Wb = 325 N pivoted at the base of the spine. The erector spinalis muscle, attached at a point two-thirds of the way up the spine, maintains the position of the back. The angle between the spine and this muscle is 12.0°. a) find the tension on the back muscle. Answer: ____ kN b) find the compressional force In The spine. Answer: ____ kNarrow_forwardA person bending forward to lift a load "with his back" (Figure a) rather than "with his knees" can be injured by large forces exerted on the muscles and vertebrae. The spine pivots mainly at the fifth lumbar vertebra, with the principal supporting force provided by the erector spinalis muscle in the back. To see the magnitude of the forces involved, and to understand why back problems are common among humans, consider the model shown in Figure b, of a person bending forward to lift a W 170-N object. The spine and upper body are represented as a uniform horizontal rod of weight W = 355 N pivoted at the base of the spine. The erector spinalis muscle, attached at a point two-thirds of the way up the spine, maintains the position of the back. The angle between the spine and this muscle is 12.0°. Back muscle Pivot = a R₂ T 12.0° Rx Wb Wo (i) (a) Find the tension in the back muscle. 1.114 Your response differs from the correct answer by more than 10%. Double check your calculations. kN (b)…arrow_forwardA person bending forward to lift a load "with his back" (Figure a) rather than "with his knees" can be injured by large forces exerted on the muscles and vertebrae. The spine pivots mainly at the fifth lumbar vertebra, with the principal supporting force provided by the erector spinalis muscle in the back. To see the magnitude of the forces involved, and to understand why back problems are common among humans, consider the model shown in Figure b, of a person bending forward to lift a Wo = 215–N object. The spine and upper body are represented as a uniform horizontal rod of weight Wb = 330 N pivoted at the base of the spine. The erector spinalis muscle, attached at a point two-thirds of the way up the spine, maintains the position of the back. The angle between the spine and this muscle is 12.0°. (a) Find the tension in the back muscle. (b) Find the compressional force in the spine. (Enter the magnitude.)arrow_forward
- A person bending forward to lift a load "with his back" (Figure a) rather than "with his knees" can be injured by large forces exerted on the muscles and vertebrae. The spine pivots mainly at the fifth lumbar vertebra, with the principal supporting force provided by the erector spinalis muscle in the back. To see the magnitude of the forces involved, and to understand why back problems are common among humans, consider the model shown in Figure b, of a person bending forward to lift a Wo = 195–N object. The spine and upper body are represented as a uniform horizontal rod of weight Wb = 290 N pivoted at the base of the spine. The erector spinalis muscle, attached at a point two-thirds of the way up the spine, maintains the position of the back. The angle between the spine and this muscle is 12.0°. In figure (a), a man bends his back forward to lift a set of weights. The hips are labeled as the pivot and the back muscle is also labeled to the right of the pivot. In figure (b), a…arrow_forwardA person bending forward to lift a load "with his back" (Figure a) rather than "with his knees" can be injured by large forces exerted on the muscles and vertebrae. The spine pivots mainly at the fifth lumbar vertebra, with the principal supporting force provided by the erector spinalis muscle in the back. To see the magnitude of the forces involved, and to understand why back problems are common among humans, consider the model shown in Figure b, of a person bending forward to lift a Wo = 195–N object. The spine and upper body are represented as a uniform horizontal rod of weight Wb = 290 N pivoted at the base of the spine. The erector spinalis muscle, attached at a point two-thirds of the way up the spine, maintains the position of the back. The angle between the spine and this muscle is 12.0°. In figure (a), a man bends his back forward to lift a set of weights. The hips are labeled as the pivot and the back muscle is also labeled to the right of the pivot. In figure (b), a…arrow_forwardA person bending forward to lift a load "with his back" (Figure a) rather than "with his knees" can be injured by large forces exerted on the muscles and vertebrae. The spine pivots mainly at the fifth lumbar vertebra, with the principal supporting force provided by the erector spinalis muscle in the back. To see the magnitude of the forces involved, and to understand why back problems are common among humans, consider the model shown in Figure b, of a person bending forward to lift a W. 195-N object. The spine and upper %3D body are represented as a uniform horizontal rod of weight W, = 335 N pivoted at the base of the spine. The erector spinalis muscle, attached at a point two-thirds of the way up the spine, maintains the position of the back. The angle between the spine and this muscle is 12.0°. Back muscle R, T 12.0° Pivot R W. Wh (a) Find the tension in the back muscle. kN (b) Find the compressional force in the spine. (Enter the magnitude.) kNarrow_forward
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