Concept explainers
To analyze:
The six nucleotides prior to the start codon and the first
Introduction:
Consensus sequences are the short stretch of DNA sequences that are commonly located nucleotides found at a specific location of DNA and RNA or amino acids. These sequences are used for inter or intramolecular interactions. These sequences are similar to structure and functions in all organisms. The consensus sequence is a calculated order that states the most frequent nucleotide at that position in the alignment.
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Genetic Analysis: An Integrated Approach (2nd Edition)
- For the anticodon sequences 5' IAA and 5' xm^3s^2UAA, considering the DNA sequences of the genes encoding the tRNAs(assuming both tRNAs exist even if that is not true), What is the sequence of the RNA-like strand of each tRNA gene that corresponds to the tRNA's anticodon? be sure to indicate polarities.arrow_forwardDetermine the sequence of amino acids specified by the codons in the following information strand. AGG TCT TCA GGG AAT GCC TGG CGA GAG GGG AGC AGC TGG TAT CGC TGG GCC САА Then determine the sequence of amino acids if an insertion occurred to the left of the first adenosine and changed the reading frame as shown below. Notice that (1) the insertion is shown on the left by the lower-case "i", and (2) the bases are still in the same sequence; they are just shifted so that they are read differently. IAG GTC TTC AĞG GAA TGC CTG GCG AGA GGG GAG CAG СTG GTA TCG CTG GGC ССАarrow_forwardThe genetic information contained in DNA consists of a linear sequence of coding units known as codons. Each codon consists of three adjacent DNA nucleotides that corresponto a single amino acid in a protien. The E.coli DNA molecule contains 4.70 x 10^6 base pairs. Determine the number of codons that can be present. Assuming that the average protein in E.coli consists of a chain of 400 amino acids, calculate the maximum number of protiens that can be coded by an E.coli DNA molecule.arrow_forward
- When the amino acid sequences of insulin isolated from different organisms were determined, differences were noted. For example, alanine was substituted for threonine, serine for glycine, and valine for isoleucine at corresponding positions in the protein. List the single-base changes that could occur in codons of the genetic code to produce these amino acid changes.arrow_forwardYou have discovered a novel protein that has a pI = 5.5. To study the functional properties of this new protein, your research group has made a mutant that contains two amino acid changes—namely, a surface Phe residue in the normal protein has been replaced by His (side chain pKa = 6.1) and asurface Gln has been replaced by Glu (side chain pKa = 6.0). Is the pI of themutant protein predicted to be greater than, less than, or the same as the pIof the normal protein? Support your answer with the appropriate calculationarrow_forwardConsider the following coding 71 nucleotide DNA template sequence (It does not contain a translational start): 5’- GTTTCCCCTATGCTTCATCACGAGGGCACTGACATGTGTAAACGAAATTCCAACCTGAGCGGCGT GTTGAG-3’ By in vitro translating the mRNA, you determined that the translated peptide is 15 amino acids long. What is the expected peptide sequence in single letter abbreviations?arrow_forward
- An enzyme isolated from rat liver has 193 amino acids and is and encoded by a 1440 base pair long gene. What is the connection between the amino acid number of the enzyme and the number of nucleotide pairs in its gene. Explain clearly pleasearrow_forwardA double-stranded fragment of viral DNA, one of whose strands is shown below, encodes two peptides, called vir-1 and vir-2. Adding this double-stranded DNA fragment to an in vitro transcription and translation system yields peptides of 10 residues (vir-1) and 5 residues (vir-2). Solve, (b) Determine the amino acid sequence of each peptide.arrow_forwarda) b) Shown below is a DNA sequence that encodes for a section of a protein. Please write the amino acid sequence using the three letter codes for this section. 5' ATG ACT CTC TCC TGG GGC ATC CGA TAA 3' What would the second codon be changed to if it was both a silent mutation and a transition mutation? Please write an anticodon in 5' to 3' direction that would recognize both the original second codon and the mutated second codon.arrow_forward
- The genetic code is thought to have evolved to maximize genetic stability by minimizing the effect on protein function of most substitution mutations (single-base changes). We will use the six arginine codons to test this idea. Consider all of the substitutions that could affect all of the six arginine codons.(a) How many total mutations are possible?(b) How many of these mutations are “silent,” in the sense that the mutantcodon is changed to another Arg codon?(c) How many of these mutations are conservative, in the sense that an Argcodon is changed to a functionally similar Lys codon?arrow_forwardThe amino acid sequences of a yeast protein and a human protein having the same function are found to be 60% identical. However, the corresponding DNA sequences are only 45% identical. Account for this differing degree of identity.arrow_forwardConsider the following DNA sequence, which codes for a short polypeptide: 5'-ATGGGCTTAGCGTAGGTTAGT-3' Determine the mRNA transcript of this sequence. You have to write these sequences from the 5' end to the 3' end and indicate those ends as shown in the original sequence in order to get the full mark. How many amino acids will make up this polypeptide? Determine the first four anticodons that will be used in order to translate this sequence.arrow_forward
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