UNIVERSITY PHYSICS,VOL.3 (OER)
17th Edition
ISBN: 2810020283905
Author: OpenStax
Publisher: XANEDU
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Chapter 9, Problem 42P
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Estimate kBT at room temperature, and convert
this energy into electronvolts (eV). Using this result, answer the following:
(a) Would you expect hydrogen atoms to be ionized
at room temperature? (The binding energy of an
electron in a hydrogen atom is 13.6 eV.)
(b) Would you expect the rotational energy levels
of diatomic molecules to be excited at room temperature? (It costs about 10−4 eV to promote such
a system to an excited rotational energy level.)
Compute the magnitude of the electrostatic attraction energy between a silver cation (radius 129 pm) and a sulfide anion (radius 170 pm). Give your answer in al.
Compute the magnitude of the electrostatic attraction energy between a silver cation (radius 129 pm) and a sulfide anion (radius 170 pm). Give your answer in al.
Note that magnitude means "absolute value" i.e. answer without arithmetic +/- sign.
Chapter 9 Solutions
UNIVERSITY PHYSICS,VOL.3 (OER)
Ch. 9 - Check Your Understanding Why is the potential...Ch. 9 - Check Your Understanding What does the energy...Ch. 9 - Check Your Understanding If the dissociation...Ch. 9 - Check Your Understanding What happens to the...Ch. 9 - Check Your Understanding How does the magnitude of...Ch. 9 - Check Your Understanding What conditions are...Ch. 9 - What is the main difference between an ionic bond,...Ch. 9 - For the following cases, what type of bonding...Ch. 9 - Describe three steps to ionic bonding.Ch. 9 - What prevents a positive and negative ion from...
Ch. 9 - For the H2 molecule, why must the spins the...Ch. 9 - Does the absorption spectrum of the diatomic...Ch. 9 - Rank the energy spacing (E) of the following...Ch. 9 - Explain key features of a vibrational-rotation...Ch. 9 - Why is tbe equilibrium separation distance between...Ch. 9 - Describe the difference between a face-centered...Ch. 9 - In sodium chloride, how many Clatoms are “nearest...Ch. 9 - In cesium iodide, how many Clatoms are "nearest...Ch. 9 - The NaCl crystal structure is FCC. The equilibrium...Ch. 9 - Why does the Fermi energy (EF) increase with the...Ch. 9 - If the election number density (N/V) of a metal...Ch. 9 - Why does the horizontal Line in the graph in...Ch. 9 - Why does the graph in Figure 9.12 increase...Ch. 9 - Why are the sharp transitions at the Fermi energy...Ch. 9 - What are the two main approaches used to determine...Ch. 9 - Describe two features of energy levels for an...Ch. 9 - How does the number of energy levels in a band...Ch. 9 - Why are some materials very good conductors and...Ch. 9 - Why are some materials semiconductors?Ch. 9 - Why does the resistance of a semiconductor...Ch. 9 - What kind of semiconductor is produced if...Ch. 9 - What kind of semiconductor is produced if silicon...Ch. 9 - What is the Hall effect and what is it used for?Ch. 9 - For an n-type semiconductor, how do impurity atoms...Ch. 9 - For a p-type semiconductor, how do impurity atoms...Ch. 9 - When p- and n-type materials are joined, why is a...Ch. 9 - When p- and n-type materials are joined, why does...Ch. 9 - How do you know if a diode is in the forward...Ch. 9 - Why does the reverse bias configuration lead to a...Ch. 9 - What happens in the extreme case that where the n-...Ch. 9 - Explain how an audio amplifier works, using the...Ch. 9 - Describe two main features of a superconductor.Ch. 9 - How does BCS theory explain superconductivity?Ch. 9 - What is the Meissner effect?Ch. 9 - What impact does an increasing magnetic field have...Ch. 9 - The electron configuration of carbon is 1s22s22p2....Ch. 9 - Potassium chloride (KCl) is a molecule formed by...Ch. 9 - The electron affinity of Cl is 3.89 eV and the...Ch. 9 - The measured energy dissociated energy of KC1 is...Ch. 9 - In a physics lab, you measure the vibrational-...Ch. 9 - For the preceding problem, find the equilibrium...Ch. 9 - The separation between oxygen atoms in an O2...Ch. 9 - The characteristic energy of the N2 molecule is...Ch. 9 - The characteristic energy for KCl is 1.4105eV ....Ch. 9 - A diatomic F2 molecule is in the l = 1 state, (a)...Ch. 9 - In a physics lab, you measure the vibrational-...Ch. 9 - The Csl crystal structure is BCC. The equilibrium...Ch. 9 - The potential energy of a crystal is - 8.10 eV/ion...Ch. 9 - The measured density of a NaF crystal is 2.558...Ch. 9 - What value of the repulsion constant, n, gives the...Ch. 9 - Determine the dissociation energy of 12 moles of...Ch. 9 - The measured density of a KCl crystal is 1.984...Ch. 9 - What value of the repulsion constant, n, gives the...Ch. 9 - The measured density of a CsCl crystal is 3.988...Ch. 9 - What is the difference in energy between the...Ch. 9 - An electron is confined to a metal cube of I = 0.8...Ch. 9 - What value of energy corresponds to a density of...Ch. 9 - Compare the density of states at 2.5 eV and 0.25...Ch. 9 - Consider a cube of copper with edges 1.50 mm long....Ch. 9 - If there is one free electron per atom of copper,...Ch. 9 - Determine the Fermi energy and temperature for...Ch. 9 - For a one-dimensional crystal, write the lattice...Ch. 9 - What is the main difference between an insulator...Ch. 9 - What is the longest wavelength for a photon that...Ch. 9 - A valence electron in a crystal absorbs a photon...Ch. 9 - An experiment is performed to demonstrate the Hall...Ch. 9 - Suppose that the cross-sectional area of the strip...Ch. 9 - A current-carrying copper wire with cross-section...Ch. 9 - The Hall effect is demonstrated in the laboratory....Ch. 9 - Show that for V less than zero, InetI0.Ch. 9 - A p-n diode has a reverse saturation current...Ch. 9 - The collector current of a transistor is 3.4 A for...Ch. 9 - Applying the positive end of a battery to the...Ch. 9 - The base current of a transistor is 4.4 A, and its...Ch. 9 - At what temperature, in terms of Tc, is the...Ch. 9 - What is the critical magnetic field for lead at T...Ch. 9 - A Pb wire wound in a tight solenoid of diameter of...Ch. 9 - A tightly wound solenoid at 4.0 K is 50 cm long...Ch. 9 - Potassium fluoride (KF) is a molecule formed by...Ch. 9 - For the preceding problem, sketch the potential...Ch. 9 - The separation between hydrogen atoms in a H2...Ch. 9 - The characteristic energy of the Cl2 molecule is...Ch. 9 - Determine the lowest three rotational energy...Ch. 9 - A carbon atom can hybridize in the...Ch. 9 - List five main characteristics of ionic crystals...Ch. 9 - Why is bonding in favorable? Express your answer...Ch. 9 - Astronomers claim to find evidence of He2 from...Ch. 9 - Show that the moment of inertia of a diatomic...Ch. 9 - Show that the average energy of an electron in a...Ch. 9 - Measurements of a superconductor's critical...Ch. 9 - Estimate the fraction of Si atoms that must be...Ch. 9 - Transition in the rotation spectrum are observed...Ch. 9 - Determine the Fermi energies for (a) Mg, (b) Na,...Ch. 9 - Find the average energy of an electron in a Zn...Ch. 9 - What value of the repulsion constant, n, gives the...Ch. 9 - A physical model of a diamond suggests packing...Ch. 9 - For an electron in a three-dimensional metal, show...
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Similar questions
- Estimate kBT at room temperature, and convert this energy into electronvolts (eV). Using this result, answer the following: (a) Would you expect hydrogen atoms to be ionized at room temperature? (The binding energy of an electron in a hydrogen atom is 13.6 eV.) (b) Would you expect the rotational energy levels of diatomic molecules to be excited at room temperature? (It costs about 10-4 eV to promote such a system to an excited rotational energy level.)arrow_forwardThe density of solid KCl is about 1980 kg/m3. Compute the nearest-neighbor distance in KCl, that is, the distance between neighboring K+ and Cl- ions. Note that KCl has the same lattice structure as NaCl.arrow_forwardThe total energy of the ion-hydrogen molecule is equal to -16.3 eV for the equilibrium internuclear distance equal to 1.06 A. Calculate: a) The electrostatic repulsion energy between the nuclei, in eV. b) The contribution of electronic energy, in eV. c) The total energy of the molecule, in eV. d) The binding energy, in kJ mol-1. Data: (epsilon)0 = 8.854x10-12 C2 N-1 m-2; elemental electric charge e = 1.602x10-19 C; energy of the H atom in the ground state = - 13.6 eV; NA = 6.022x1023 mol-1arrow_forward
- The gap between valence and conduction bands in diamond is 5.47 eV. (a) What is the maximum wavelength of a photon that can excite an electron from the top of the valence band into the conduction band? In what region of the electromagnetic spectrum does this photon lie? (b) Explain why pure diamond is transparent and colorless. (c) Most gem diamonds have a yellow color. Explain how impurities in the diamond can cause this color.arrow_forwardThe ionization energy of a carbon atom is 11.26 eV and its electron affinity is 1.26 eV Estimate the value of the Coulomb integral. α. expressing your answer both in electronvolts and as a molar energy in ki lojoules per mole.arrow_forwardCalculate the radius of a nickel atom in cm, given that Ni has an FCC crystal structure, a density of 7.982 g/cm³, and an atomic weight of 58.69 g/mol.arrow_forward
- The equilibrium separation between the two ions in the KCl molecule is 0.267 nm. (a) Assuming that the K+ and Cl- ions are point particles, compute the electric dipole moment of the molecule. (b) Compute the ratio of your result in (a) to the measured electric dipole moment of 5.41 x 10-29 C*m. This ratio is known as the fractional ionic character of the molecular bond.arrow_forwardThe equilibrium dissociation energy of O2 is De = 4.314 ev. The basic vibration frequency of O2 is f = 1620.0 cm -1. So how much energy is actually needed to dissociate O2 molecules at n = 3 vibrational level? Give your answer in EV.arrow_forwardAt room temperature, pure germanium has an almost completely filled valence band separated by a 0.67 eV gap from an almost completely empty conduction band. It is a poor electrical conductor, but its conductivity increases greatly when it is irradiated with electromagnetic waves of a certain maximum wavelength. What is that wavelength?arrow_forward
- To improve the semiconducting characteristics of GaAs, 1.31 x 10^15 atoms of Be are incorporated into the material. Be has an ionization energy of 0.6eV. What is the concentration/s of the majority and minority charge carrier?arrow_forwardTwo dipoles of moments P₁ = 40лε(3āx — 2āy) [C.m] at (3, 2, 1) and P₂ - = 24лε(āx + 2ãy - āz) [C.m] at (-1, 3, 3). Find V at the origin.arrow_forwardThe potential energy of a system of two atoms is given by the relation U =-A/r + B/r10 A stable molecule is formed with the release of 8 eV energy when the interatomic distance is 2.8 Å. Find A and B and the force needed to dissociate this molecule into atoms and the interatomic distance at which the dissociation occurs.arrow_forward
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