Concept explainers
Activity-Based Costing: Cost Flows through T-Accounts
Southwest Components recently switched to activity-based costing from the department allocation method. The Fabrication Department manager has estimated the following cost drivers and rates:
Direct materials costs were $600,000 and direct labor costs were $300,000 during July, when the Fabrication Department handled 3,000 pounds of materials, made 500 inspections, had 25 setups, and ran the machines for 10,000 hours.
Required
Use T-accounts to show the flow of materials, labor, and
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- Activity-based product costing Mello Manufacturing Company is a diversified manufacturer that manufactures three products (Alpha, Beta, and Omega) in a continuous production process. Senior management has asked the controller to conduct an activity-based costing study. The controller identified the amount of factory overhead required by the critical activities of the organization as follows: The activity bases identified for each activity are as follows: The activity-base usage quantities and units produced for the three products were determined from corporate records and are as follows: Each product requires 40 minutes per unit of machine time. Instructions Determine the activity rate for each activity. Determine the total and per-unit activity cost for all three products. Round to nearest cent. Why arent the activity unit costs equal across all three products since they require the same machine time per unit?arrow_forwardOverhead Rates, Unit Costs Folsom Company manufactures specialty tools to customer order. There are three producing departments. Departmental information on budgeted overhead and various activity measures for the coming year is as follows: Currently, overhead is applied on the basis of machine hours using a plantwide rate. However, Janine, the controller, has been wondering whether it might be worthwhile to use departmental overhead rates. She has analyzed the overhead costs and drivers for the various departments and decided that Welding and Finishing should base their overhead rates on machine hours and that Assembly should base its overhead rate on direct labor hours. Janine has been asked to prepare bids for two jobs with the following information: The typical bid price includes a 35% markup over full manufacturing cost. Round all overhead rates to the nearest cent. Round all bid prices to the nearest dollar. Required: 1. Calculate a plantwide rate for Folsom Company based on machine hours. What is the bid price of each job using this rate? 2. Calculate departmental overhead rates for the producing departments. What is the bid price of each job using these rates?arrow_forwardMinor Co. has a job order cost system and applies overhead based on departmental rates. Service Department 1 has total budgeted costs of 168,000 for next year. Service Department 2 has total budgeted costs of 280,000 for next year. Minor allocates service department costs solely to the producing departments. Service Department 1 cost is allocated to producing departments on the basis of machine hours. Service Department 2 cost is allocated to producing departments on the basis of direct labor hours. Producing Department 1 has budgeted 8,000 machine hours and 12,000 direct labor hours. Producing Department 2 has budgeted 2,000 machine hours and 12,000 direct labor hours. What is the total cost allocation from the two service departments to Producing Department 1? a. 173,600 b. 140,000 c. 134,400 d. 274,400arrow_forward
- Firenza Company manufactures specialty tools to customer order. Budgeted overhead for the coming year is: Previously, Sanjay Bhatt, Firenza Companys controller, had applied overhead on the basis of machine hours. Expected machine hours for the coming year are 50,000. Sanjay has been reading about activity-based costing, and he wonders whether or not it might offer some advantages to his company. He decided that appropriate drivers for overhead activities are purchase orders for purchasing, number of setups for setup cost, engineering hours for engineering cost, and machine hours for other. Budgeted amounts for these drivers are 5,000 purchase orders, 500 setups, and 2,500 engineering hours. Sanjay has been asked to prepare bids for two jobs with the following information: The typical bid price includes a 40 percent markup over full manufacturing cost. Required: 1. Calculate a plantwide rate for Firenza Company based on machine hours. What is the bid price of each job using this rate? 2. Calculate activity rates for the four overhead activities. What is the bid price of each job using these rates? 3. Which bids are more accurate? Why?arrow_forwardRefer to the data in Exercise 7.18. When the capacity of the HR Department was originally established, the normal usage expected for each department was 20,000 direct labor hours. This usage is also the amount of activity planned for the two departments in Year 1 and Year 2. Required: 1. Allocate the costs of the HR Department using the direct method and assuming that the purpose is product costing. 2. Allocate the costs of the HR Department using the direct method and assuming that the purpose is to evaluate performance.arrow_forwardBaxter Company has two processing departments: Assembly and Finishing. A predetermined overhead rate of 10 per DLH is used to assign overhead to production. The company experienced the following operating activity for April: a. Materials issued to Assembly, 24,000 b. Direct labor cost: Assembly, 500 hours at 9.20 per hour; Finishing, 400 hours at 8 per hour c. Overhead applied to production d. Goods transferred to Finishing, 32,500 e. Goods transferred to finished goods warehouse, 20,500 f. Actual overhead incurred, 10,000 Required: 1. Prepare the required journal entries for the preceding transactions. 2. Assuming Assembly and Finishing have no beginning work-in-process inventories, determine the cost of each departments ending work-in-process inventories.arrow_forward
- Douglas Davis, controller for Marston, Inc., prepared the following budget for manufacturing costs at two different levels of activity for 20X1: During 20X1, Marston worked a total of 80,000 direct labor hours, used 250,000 machine hours, made 32,000 moves, and performed 120 batch inspections. The following actual costs were incurred: Marston applies overhead using rates based on direct labor hours, machine hours, number of moves, and number of batches. The second level of activity (the right column in the preceding table) is the practical level of activity (the available activity for resources acquired in advance of usage) and is used to compute predetermined overhead pool rates. Required: 1. Prepare a performance report for Marstons manufacturing costs in the current year. 2. Assume that one of the products produced by Marston is budgeted to use 10,000 direct labor hours, 15,000 machine hours, and 500 moves and will be produced in five batches. A total of 10,000 units will be produced during the year. Calculate the budgeted unit manufacturing cost. 3. One of Marstons managers said the following: Budgeting at the activity level makes a lot of sense. It really helps us manage costs better. But the previous budget really needs to provide more detailed information. For example, I know that the moving materials activity involves the use of forklifts and operators, and this information is lost when only the total cost of the activity for various levels of output is reported. We have four forklifts, each capable of providing 10,000 moves per year. We lease these forklifts for five years, at 10,000 per year. Furthermore, for our two shifts, we need up to eight operators if we run all four forklifts. Each operator is paid a salary of 30,000 per year. Also, I know that fuel costs about 0.25 per move. Assuming that these are the only three items, expand the detail of the flexible budget for moving materials to reveal the cost of these three resource items for 20,000 moves and 40,000 moves, respectively. Based on these comments, explain how this additional information can help Marston better manage its costs. (Especially consider how activity-based budgeting may provide useful information for non-value-added activities.)arrow_forwardFordman Company has a product that passes through two processes: Grinding and Polishing. During December, the Grinding Department transferred 20,000 units to the Polishing Department. The cost of the units transferred into the second department was 40,000. Direct materials are added uniformly in the second process. Units are measured the same way in both departments. The second department (Polishing) had the following physical flow schedule for December: Costs in beginning work in process for the Polishing Department were direct materials, 5,000; conversion costs, 6,000; and transferred in, 8,000. Costs added during the month: direct materials, 32,000; conversion costs, 50,000; and transferred in, 40,000. Required: 1. Assuming the use of the weighted average method, prepare a schedule of equivalent units. 2. Compute the unit cost for the month.arrow_forwardJoyT Company manufactures Maxi Dolls for sale in toy stores. In planning for this year, JoyT estimated variable factory overhead of 600,000 and fixed factory overhead of 400,000. JoyT uses a standard costing system, and factory overhead is allocated to units produced using standard direct labor hours. The level of activity budgeted for this year was 10,000 direct labor hours, and JoyT used 10,300 actual direct labor hours. Based on the output accomplished during this year, 9,900 standard direct labor hours should have been used. Actual variable factory overhead was 596,000, and actual fixed factory overhead was 410,000 for the year. Based on this information, the variable factory overhead controllable variance for JoyT for this year was: a. 24,000 unfavorable. b. 2,000 unfavorable. c. 4,000 favorable. d. 22,000 favorable.arrow_forward
- Naranjo Company designs industrial prototypes for outside companies. Budgeted overhead for the year was 260,000, and budgeted direct labor hours were 20,000. The average wage rate for direct labor is expected to be 25 per hour. During June, Naranjo Company worked on four jobs. Data relating to these four jobs follow: Overhead is assigned as a percentage of direct labor cost. During June, Jobs 39 and 40 were completed; Job 39 was sold at 130 percent of cost. (Naranjo had originally developed Job 40 to order for a customer; however, that customer was near bankruptcy and the chance of Naranjo being paid was growing dimmer. Naranjo decided to hold Job 40 in inventory while the customer worked out its financial difficulties. Job 40 is the only job in Finished Goods Inventory.) Jobs 41 and 42 remain unfinished at the end of the month. Required: 1. Calculate the balance in Work in Process as of June 30. 2. Calculate the balance in Finished Goods as of June 30. 3. Calculate the cost of goods sold for June. 4. Calculate the price charged for Job 39. 5. What if the customer for Job 40 was able to pay for the job by June 30? What would happen to the balance in Finished Goods? What would happen to the balance of Cost of Goods Sold?arrow_forwardMultiple production department factory overhead rates The total factory overhead for Bardot Marine Company is budgeted for the year at 600,000 divided into two departments: Fabrication, 420,000, and Assembly, 180,000. Bardot Marine manufactures two types of boats: speedboats and bass boats. The speedboats require 8 direct labor hours in Fabrication and 4 direct labor hours in Assembly. The bass boats require 4 direct labor hours in Fabrication and 8 direct labor hours in Assembly. Each product is budgeted for 250 units of production for the year. Determine (A) the total number of budgeted direct labor hours for the year in each department, (B) the departmental factory overhead rates for both departments, and (C) the factory overhead allocated per unit for each product using the department factory overhead allocation rates.arrow_forward
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