Given the following data:
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Chemical Principles
- Nitrogen monoxide, a gas recently found to be involved in a wide range of biological processes, reacts with oxygen to give brown NO2 gas. 2 NO(g) + O2(g) NO2(g)rH = 114.1 kJ/mol-rxn Is this reaction endothermic or exothermic? What is the enthalpy change if 1.25 g of NO is converted completely to NO2?arrow_forwardCompounds with carboncarbon double bonds, such as ethylene, C2H4, add hydrogen in a reaction called hydrogenation. C2H4(g)+H2(g)C2H6(g) Calculate the enthalpy change for this reaction, using the following combustion data: C2H4(g)+3O2(g)2CO2(g)+2H2O(l);H=1411kJC2H6(g)+72O2(g)2CO2(g)+3H2O(l);H=1560kJH2(g)+12O2(g)H2O(l);H=286kJarrow_forwardIsooctane (2,2,4-trimethylpentane), one of the many hydro carbons that make up gasoline, burns in air to give water and carbon dioxide. 2C8H18(l)+25O2(g)16CO2(g)+18H2O(l)rH=10,922kJ/mol Calculate the enthalpy change if you burn 1.00 L isooctane (density = 0.69 g/mL).arrow_forward
- A compound is 82.7% carbon and 17.3% hydrogen, and has a molar mass of approximately 60 g/mol. When 1.000 g of this compound burns in excess oxygen, the enthalpy change is 49.53 kJ. (a) What is the empirical formula of this compound? (b) What is the molecular formula of this compound? (c) What is the standard enthalpy of formation of this compound? (d) Two compounds that have this molecular formula appear in Appendix G. Which one was used in this exercise?arrow_forwardThe standard molar enthalpy of formation of diborane, B2H6(g), cannot be determined directly because the compound cannot be prepared by the reaction of boron and hydrogen. It can be calculated from other enthalpy changes, however. The following enthalpy changes can be measured. 4 B(s) + 3 O2(g) 2 B2O3(s) rH = 2543.8 kJ/mol-rxn H2(g) + O2(g) H2O(g) rH = 241.8 kl/mol-rxn B2H6(g) + 3 O2(g) B2O3(s) + 3 H2O(g) rH = 2032.9 kJ/mol-rxn (a) Show how these equations can be added together to give the equation for the formation of B2H6(g) from B(s) and H2(g) in their standard states. Assign enthalpy changes to each reaction. (b) Calculate fH for B2H6(g). (c) Draw an energy level diagram that shows how the various enthalpies in this problem are related. (d) Is the formation of B2H6(g) from its elements exo- or endothermic?arrow_forwardUse standard enthalpies of formation in Appendix L to calculate enthalpy changes for the following: (a) 0.054 g of sulfur burns, forming SO2(g) (b) 0.20 mol of HgO(s) decomposes to Hg() and O2(g) (c) 2.40 g of NH3(g) is formed from N2(g) and excess H2(g) (d) 1.05 102 mol of carbon is oxidized to CO2(g)arrow_forward
- Which of the enthalpies of combustion in Table 5.2 the table are also standard enthalpies of formation?arrow_forwardUse standard enthalpies of formation in Appendix L to calculate enthalpy changes for the following: (a) 1.0 g of white phosphorus burns, forming P4Ol0(s) (b) 0.20 mol of NO(g) decomposes to N2(g) and O2(g) (c) 2.40 g of NaCl(s) is formed from Na(s) and excess Cl2(g) (d) 250 g of iron is oxidized with oxygen to Fe2O3(s)arrow_forwardWhen 2.50 g of methane burns in oxygen, 125 kJ of heat is produced. What is the enthalpy of combustion per mole of methane under these conditions?arrow_forward
- The Romans used calcium oxide, CaO, to produce a strong mortar to build stone structures. Calcium oxide was mixed with water to give Ca(OH)2, which reacted slowly with CO2 in the air to give CaCO3. Ca(OH)2(s) + CO2(g) CaCO3(s) + H2O(g) (a) Calculate the standard enthalpy change for this reaction. (b) How much energy is evolved or absorbed as heat if 1.00 kg of Ca(OH)2 reacts with a stoichiometric amount of CO2?arrow_forwardChloroform, CHCl3, is formed from methane and chlorine in the following reaction. CH4(g) + 3 Cl2(g) 3 HCl(g) + CHCl3(g) Calculate rH, the enthalpy change for this reaction, using the enthalpies of formation of CO2(g), H2O(), CHCI3(g) (fH = 103.1 kJ/mol), and the enthalpy changes for the following reactions: CH4(g) + 2 O2(g) 2 H2O() + CO2(g) rH = 890.4 kJ/mol-rxn 2 HCl(g) H2(g) + Cl2(g) rH = +184.6 kJ/mol-ransarrow_forward
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