Biological Science (6th Edition)
6th Edition
ISBN: 9780321976499
Author: Scott Freeman, Kim Quillin, Lizabeth Allison, Michael Black, Emily Taylor, Greg Podgorski, Jeff Carmichael
Publisher: PEARSON
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Chapter 9, Problem 7TYU
In step 3 of the citric acid cycle, the enzyme isocitrate dehydrogenase is regulated by NADH. Compare and contrast the regulation of this enzyme with the regulation of phosphofructokinase in glycolysis.
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The citric acid cycle generates NADH and FADH2, which are then used in the process of oxidative phosphorylation to make ATP. If the citric acid cycle (which does not use oxygen) and oxidative phosphorylation are separate processes, as they are, then why is it that the citric acid cycle stops almost immediately when O2 is removed?
The citric acid cycle operates only when O2 is present, yet O2 is not a substrate for the cycle. Explain.
The intermediates of glycolysis are phosphorylated, but those of the citric acid cycle are not. Suggest a reason why.
Chapter 9 Solutions
Biological Science (6th Edition)
Ch. 9 - Where does the citric acid cycle occur in...Ch. 9 - 2. What does the chemiosmotic hypothesis claim?
a....Ch. 9 - 3. After glucose is fully oxidized by glycolysis,...Ch. 9 - 4. What is the primary function of the reactions...Ch. 9 - Compare and contrast substrate-level...Ch. 9 - If you were to expose cells that are undergoing...Ch. 9 - In step 3 of the citric acid cycle, the enzyme...Ch. 9 - 8. Explain the relationship between electron...Ch. 9 - 9. Cyanide (C=N–) blocks complex IV of the...Ch. 9 - QUANTITATIVE Early estimates suggested that the...
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- After the citric acid cycle reactions run _________, one six-carbon glucose molecule has been completely broken down to CO2. a. once b. twice c. six times d. twelve timesarrow_forwardA total of 32 mol of ATP can be produced by the complete oxidation of 1 mol of glucose in the liver. Indicate the number of these moles of ATP produced by the citric acid cycle.arrow_forwardThe citric acid cycle is frequently described as the major pathway of aerobic catabolism, which means that it is an oxygen-dependent degradative process. However, none of the reactions of the cycle directly involve oxygen as a reactant. Why is the pathway oxygen dependent?arrow_forward
- Why is it advantageous for citrate, the product of Reaction 1 of the citric acid cycle, to inhibit phosphofructokinase, which catalyzes the third reaction of glycolysis?arrow_forwardHow many total moles of ATP are created in a cell with an ATP synthase with 8 c subunits for every 28 moles of glucose that is completely oxidized in glycolysis and the Krebs cycle? Assume that NADH is transported by the malate aspartate shuttle.arrow_forwardUsing the following glycolisis diagram, a. name all the steps in citric acid cycle, what are the intermediates. refer to the diagram given. b. Is glycolysis endothermic or exothermic.arrow_forward
- Why, do you suppose, the coenzyme for the reaction in the citric acid cycle that is catalyzed by succinate dehydrogenase is FAD and not NAD+?arrow_forwardAssuming that the glycerol 3-phosphate shuttle is operative, a complete oxidation of five molecules of glucose (by a eukaryotic cell) into carbon dioxide and water would produce approximately _________ ATP molecules via oxidative phosphorylation only. (Consider NADH = 2.5 ATP and FADH2 = 1.5 ATP)arrow_forwardidentify the reactions of the citric acid cycle that provide reducing power for the electron-transport chain a. conversion of succinyl-CoA to succinate b. conversion of fumarate to malate c. conversion of succinate to fumarate d. conversion of malate to oxaloacetatearrow_forward
- In the last step of glycolysis, phosphoenolpyruvate (PEP) is converted to pyruvate and during this reaction ATP is synthesized. Based on the fact that ATP is synthesized, which of the following enzymes would most likely catalyze this reaction? a. enolase b. pyruvate kinase c. aldolase d. pyruvate isomerase e. pyruvate dehydrogenasearrow_forwardTaking into consideration glycolysis, the pyruvate dehydrogenase complex and the citric acid cycle, how many substrate level phosphorylation events occur from a single molecule of glucose? 6 substrate level phosphorylation events 4 substrate level phosphorylation events 3 substrate level phosphorylation events 2 substrate level phosphorylation events None of the above answers are correctarrow_forwardExplain why the degradation of odd-chain fatty acids can boost the activity of the citric acid cycle.arrow_forward
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