Biological Science (6th Edition)
6th Edition
ISBN: 9780321976499
Author: Scott Freeman, Kim Quillin, Lizabeth Allison, Michael Black, Emily Taylor, Greg Podgorski, Jeff Carmichael
Publisher: PEARSON
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Chapter 9, Problem 16PIAT
SOCIETY In the 1930s, DNP was introduced as a diet drug until it was banned from human use because of adverse side effects when high concentrations of the drug were used. These included increased respiration and even death. Propose an explanation for the side effects based on the effect DNP has on the proton gradient.
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Explain the role that proton (H+) movement plays in chemiosmotic ATP generation during oxidative phosphorylation (“oxphos”) in aerobic cellular respiration. Include in your answer a description of the process (i.e., where H+ are originally, where they accumulate, etc). You don't need to name all of the members of the transport chain.
The antibiotic oligomycin B blocks proton transport through F0. Explain why lactate concentrations build up in rats that have been treated with oligomycin B.
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Chapter 9 Solutions
Biological Science (6th Edition)
Ch. 9 - Where does the citric acid cycle occur in...Ch. 9 - 2. What does the chemiosmotic hypothesis claim?
a....Ch. 9 - 3. After glucose is fully oxidized by glycolysis,...Ch. 9 - 4. What is the primary function of the reactions...Ch. 9 - Compare and contrast substrate-level...Ch. 9 - If you were to expose cells that are undergoing...Ch. 9 - In step 3 of the citric acid cycle, the enzyme...Ch. 9 - 8. Explain the relationship between electron...Ch. 9 - 9. Cyanide (C=N–) blocks complex IV of the...Ch. 9 - QUANTITATIVE Early estimates suggested that the...
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- Figure 4.15 Cyanide inhibits cytochrome c oxidase, a component of the electron transport chain. If cyanide poisoning occurs, would you expect the pH of the intermembrane space to increase or decrease? What affect would cyanide have on ATP synthesis? Figure 4.15 (a) The electron transport chain is a set of molecules that supports a series of oxidation-reduction reactions. (b) ATP synthase is a complex, molecular machine that uses an H+ gradient to regenerate ATP from ADP. (c) Chemiosmosis relies on the potential energy provided by the H+ gradient across the membrane.arrow_forwardThe ADP/ATP carrier, which exchanges cytoplasmic ADP and mitochondrial ATP, can also function as a passive proton transporter. a. Would the carrier protein augment or diminish the protonmotive force? b. Researchers found that nucleotide transport inhibits proton transport by the carrier protein. Could this competitive effect help link the rate of oxidative phosphorylation to the cell’s need for ATP?arrow_forwardModels such as the one shown in the illustration below are often used to represent the electron transport chain. Explain why this model is well-suited to this concept. Explain why metabolic processes such as cellular respiration and photosynthesis require a multi-stage release of energy, rather than a one-step reactionarrow_forward
- In terms of an electrochemical gradient being produced, compare and contrast any three (3) systems whereby a proton motive force is generated. Why is producing and maintaining a consistent proton motive force important? What potential problems could arise if the proton motive force becomes too high or too low, and how are these remedied? Discuss why in some instances a sodium motive force may be more appropriate than a proton motive force.arrow_forwardThe last part of cellular respiration is called oxidative phosphorylation. We use the term oxidativehere because..arrow_forwardWhile on vacation, your friend Josephine gets carried away with getting back to nature and eats berries off of a bush. Perhaps it was a small tree. In either case, it was a rash decision. In turns out that these berries contain an inhibitor to all monocarboxylic acid transporters (MCTs). What metabolic effects may Josephine experience?arrow_forward
- Can you explain why when the pH level was changed from 0 to 5, the ATP production was affected despite the supply of glucose being constant at just 1 mol for both treatments (At 0 pH and 5 pH). What is the reason on why this could have happened?arrow_forwardWhich electron carrier would have the greatest negative impact on ATP production during oxidative phosphorylation if its production was inhibited? answer choices A.) Water B.) FADH2 C.) Oxygen D.) NADHarrow_forwardGiven 60 glucose molecules available in a muscle fiber to undergo aerobic respiration, how many H+ protons can be pumped by transport proteins if the glycolytic NADH followed the Glycerol Phosphate Shuttle? a. 120 H+ protons b. 240 H+ protons c. 360 H+ protons d. 720 H+ protonsarrow_forward
- Which answer choice describes the process in the equation ATP+ H2O—->AMP+PP?arrow_forwardThermogenin in the inner membrane of brown fat cell mitochondria does all of the following except A) decrease the proton gradient. B) uncouple ATP synthesis from electron transport. C) generate heat. D) decrease ATP synthesis. E) increase ATP synthesisarrow_forwardEnergy is required to reverse the flow of the electron transport chain. Why would this be so?arrow_forward
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