Concept explainers
Interpretation:
From the given options, one which give the correct statement for a system at
Concept Introduction:
Chemical Equilibrium:
It is a point at which the rate of the forward reaction equals to the rate of backward reaction. That is, there will be no net change in concentrations. Chemical equilibrium can also be called as the state at which the rate of forward and backward reactions occur simultaneously at the same rate. If the rates are equal and there is no net change in the concentration of the reactants and the products, then that state is said to be in dynamic equilibrium.
Law of Chemical Equilibrium:
The equilibrium constant is the product of molar concentrations of the product which is raised to its
Equilibrium Constant:
Consider a reaction,
Forward
Backward reaction rate
At equilibrium, the rate of forward reaction = rate of backward reaction.
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Chapter 9 Solutions
General, Organic, and Biological Chemistry
- Exercise 17.5 For the exothermic reaction 2SO2(g)+O2(g)2SO3(g)predict the equilibrium shift caused by each of the following changes. a. SO2is added. b. SO3is removed. c. The volume is decreased. d. The temperature is decreased.arrow_forwardConsider the following hypothetical reactions. The equilibrium constants K given for each reaction are defined in terms of a concentration unit of molecules per liter. A(g)B(g)K=2X(g)2Y(g)K=62C(g)D(g)K=1 Assume that the reactions have reached equilibrium. Match each of these reactions with one of the containers I to IV (each of which has a volume of 1 L). Identify the color of each molecule (for example, is A red or blue?).arrow_forwardEquilibrium Learning Check #1 Sulfuric acid is an important industrial chemical that is usually produced by a series of reactions. One of these involves and equilibrium between gaseous sulfur dioxide, oxygen and sulfur trioxide. 2SO2(g) + O2(g) 2SO3(g) If 2.5 mol of sulfur dioxide gas and 2.0 mol of oxygen gas are placed in a sealed 1.0L container and allowed to reach equilibrium, 0.75 mol of sulfur dioxide remains at equilibrium. Use an ICE table to determine the concentration of the other gases at equilibrium.arrow_forward
- Reaction: 1 A + 1B → 3C The initial [A] is 0.80 M and [B] is 4.90 M. At equilibrium, [A] is 0.40 M. What is the value of K? Answer: 19.44 (0.96)arrow_forwardThe Mond process for purifying nickel involves the formation of nickel tetracarbonyl, Ni(CO)4, a volatile liquid, from nickel metal and carbon monoxide. Carbon monoxide is passed over impure nickel to form nickel carbonyl vapor, which, when healed, decomposes and deposits pure nickel. Ni(s)+4CO(g)Ni(CO)4(g) Write the expression for Kc for this reaction.arrow_forwardHydrogen sulfide, a colorless gas with a foul odor, dissociates on heating: 2H2S(g)2H2(g)+S2(g) When 0.100 mol H2S was put into a 10.0-L vessel and heated to 1132C, it gave an equilibrium mixture containing 0.0285 mol H2. What is the value of Kc at this temperature?arrow_forward
- Synthesis gas (a mixture of CO and H2) is increased in the concentration of hydrogen by passing it with steam over a catalyst. This is the so-called watergas shift reaction. Some of the CO is converted to CO2, which can be removed: CO(g)+H2O(g)CO2(g)+H2(g) Suppose you start with a gaseous mixture containing 1.00 mol CO and 1.00 mol H2O. When equilibrium is reached at 1000C, the mixture contains 0.43 mol H2. What is the molar composition of the equilibrium mixture?arrow_forwardPhosphorus pentachloride gives an equilibrium mixture of PCl5 PCl3, and Cl2 when heated. PCl5(g)PCl3(g)+Cl2(g) A 1.00-L vessel contains an unknown amount of PCl5 and 0.020 mol each of PCl3 and Cl2 at equilibrium at 250C. How many moles of PCl5 are in the vessel if Kc for this reaction is 0.0415 at 250C?arrow_forwardCarbon monoxide and hydrogen react in the presence of a catalyst to form methanol, CH3OH: CO(g)+2H2(g)CH3OH(g) An equilibrium mixture of these three substances is suddenly compressed so that the concentrations of all substances initially double. In what direction does the reaction go as a new equilibrium is attained?arrow_forward
- Phosphorus pentachloride, PCl5, decomposes when heated. PCl5(g)PCl3(g)+Cl2(g) If the initial concentration of PCl5 is 1.00 mol/L, what is the equilibrium composition of the gaseous mixture at 160C? The equilibrium constant Kc at 160C is 0.0211.arrow_forwardThe equilibrium constant Kc for the reaction 2NO(g)+O2(g)2NO2(g) equals 4.0 1013 at 25C. Does the equilibrium mixture contain predominantly reactants or products? If [NO] = [O2] = 2.0 106 M at equilibrium, what is the equilibrium concentration of NO2?arrow_forwardPhosphorus pentachloride dissociates on heating: PCl5(g)PCl3(g)+Cl2(g) If Kc equals 3.26 102 at 191C, what is Kp at this temperature?arrow_forward
- General, Organic, and Biological ChemistryChemistryISBN:9781285853918Author:H. Stephen StokerPublisher:Cengage LearningGeneral Chemistry - Standalone book (MindTap Cour...ChemistryISBN:9781305580343Author:Steven D. Gammon, Ebbing, Darrell Ebbing, Steven D., Darrell; Gammon, Darrell Ebbing; Steven D. Gammon, Darrell D.; Gammon, Ebbing; Steven D. Gammon; DarrellPublisher:Cengage LearningIntroductory Chemistry: A FoundationChemistryISBN:9781337399425Author:Steven S. Zumdahl, Donald J. DeCostePublisher:Cengage Learning