An Introduction to Thermal Physics
1st Edition
ISBN: 9780201380279
Author: Daniel V. Schroeder
Publisher: Addison Wesley
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Question
Chapter A.3, Problem 16P
(a)
To determine
The approximate difference in energy between the upper and lower electronic states.
(b)
To determine
The approximate spacing in energy between the vibrational level.
(c)
To determine
To Verify:The diagram is consistent.
(d)
To determine
To Show:The vibrational levels are not quite evenly spaced.
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The Einstein-A coefficient for a particular rovibrational transition of CO2 is 220 s−1. In the absence of collisions, what is the characteristic lifetime of the upper state? Compare this with the Na transition near 589.6nm which has an Einstein-A coefficient of 6.14×10^7 s−1.
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The simple mass on a spring is the basis for our description of almost any oscillation. Lets consider the vibrational states of a simple diatomic molecule, say N2. We will model it as two identical masses connected by a spring as shown in the figure at the top right.This is a little different from the cart on a spring since there is no wall -- both of the atoms are moving. But if we only look at oscillations of the molecule where the center of mass is not moving, the atoms are moving equally and oppositely. When one is going left, the other goes an equal amount to the right and vice versa. This is like two carts attached to a wall and oscillating equally and oppositely as shown in the lower picture. The only difference is the way we treat the spring. When each atom moves a distance x, the spring between the atoms actually stretches a distance 2x, so the force on each atom is -2kx. We can therefore model the motion of one of the nitrogen atoms as a single cart on a spring if we…
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An Introduction to Thermal Physics
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