Concept explainers
(a)
Interpretation:
Empirical formula for the compound X has to be given.
Concept Introduction:
Empirical formula is the one that can be determined from the molar mass of the elements that is present in the compound and the mass percentage of the elements. The mass percentage of the elements present in the compound is converted into the moles of each element considering the molar mass of each element. The relative number of moles for each type of atoms is found out finally.
(a)
Answer to Problem J.15E
Empirical formula for the compound X is
Explanation of Solution
The mass percentage composition of compound X is given as
Considering
Number of moles of each element present in the compound can be calculated using the molar mass and mass of the element as follows;
Dividing the moles of element obtained using the smallest amount, the ratio can be obtained as shown below;
The ratio of the atoms in the compound is given as follows;
Thus in compound the atoms are present in the ratio of
Therefore, the empirical formula for the compound can be given as
(b)
Interpretation:
Molecular formula of the compound X has to be found out.
Concept Introduction:
Empirical formula is the one that can be determined from the molar mass of the elements that is present in the compound and the mass percentage of the elements. The mass percentage of the elements present in the compound is converted into the moles of each element considering the molar mass of each element. The relative number of moles for each type of atoms is found out finally.
Molecular formula of a compound can be found if the empirical formula and molar mass of the compound is known. The molar mass of compound is divided by the molar mass of the empirical formula in order to obtain the factor which is multiplied with the coefficients of empirical formula in order to obtain the molecular formula.
(b)
Answer to Problem J.15E
Molecular formula of the compound X is
Explanation of Solution
Empirical formula of compound X is
Molar mass of the empirical formula is calculated as follows;
Molar mass of the compound X is divided by the molar mass of empirical formula in order to obtain the factor as shown below;
The coefficient of empirical formula is multiplied by the factor
Therefore, the molecular formula of compound X is
(c)
Interpretation:
Balanced chemical equation and net ionic equation for reaction of compound X with sodium hydroxide has to be written.
Concept Introduction:
Complete ionic equation is the one that shows all the species that is present in the
Net ionic equation is the one that is obtained from the complete ionic equation by cancelling out the spectator ions.
(c)
Explanation of Solution
Compound X is said to have two acidic hydrogen atoms. Therefore, the reaction between compound X and sodium hydroxide is given as shown below;
Balancing sodium atoms: In the reactant side, there is one sodium atom while on the product side, there are two potassium atoms. Adding coefficient
Balancing oxygen atoms: In the above chemical equation, there are six oxygen atoms on the left side of the equation, while in the product side, there are five oxygen atoms. Adding coefficient
Complete ionic equation:
The complete ionic equation can be written considering the ionic compounds in aqueous medium to be written into respective ions. Therefore, the complete ionic equation can be given as follows;
Net ionic equation:
The net ionic equation can be obtained from the complete ionic equation by cancelling out the spectator ions on both sides of the equation.
Thus, the net ionic equation can be given as shown below;
Want to see more full solutions like this?
Chapter F Solutions
CHEMICAL PRINCIPLES W/SAPLING
- The present average concentration (mass percent) of magnesium ions in seawater is 0.13%. A chemistry textbook estimates that if 1.00 × 108 tons Mg were taken out of the sea each year, it would take one million years for the Mg concentration to drop to 0.12%. Do sufficient calculations to either verify or refute this statement. Assume that Earth is a sphere with a diameter of 8000 mi, 67% of which is covered by oceans to a depth of 1 mi, and that no Mg is washed back into the oceans at any time.arrow_forwardMany over-the-counter antacid tablets are now formulated using calcium carbonate as the active ingredient, which enables such tablets to also be used as dietary calcium supplements. As an antacid for gastric hyperacidity, calcium carbonate reacts by combining with hydrochloric acid found in the stomach, producing a solution of calcium chloride, converting the stomach acid to water, and releasing carbon dioxide gas (which the person suffering from stomach problems may feel as a “burp”). Write the unbalanced chemical equation for this process.arrow_forwardYou are given a 1.50-g mixture of sodium nitrate and sodium chloride. You dissolve this mixture into 100 mL of water and then add an excess of 0.500 M silver nitrate solution. You produce a white solid, which you then collect, dry, and measure. The white solid has a mass of 0.641 g. a. If you had an extremely magnified view of the solution (to the atomic-molecular level), list the species you would see (include charges, if any). b. Write the balanced net ionic equation for the reaction that produces the solid. Include phases and charges. c. Calculate the percent sodium chloride in the original unknown mixture.arrow_forward
- Iron oxide ores, commonly a mixture of FeO and Fe2O3, are given the general formula Fe3O4. They yield elemental iron when heated to a very high temperature with either carbon monoxide or elemental hydrogen. Balance the following equations for these processes: Fe3O4(s)+H2(g)Fe(s)+H2O(g)Fe3O4(s)+CO(g)Fe(s)+CO2(g)arrow_forwardSilicon is produced for the chemical and electronics industries by the following reactions. Give the balanced equation for each reaction. a. SiO2(s)+C(s)arefurnaceElectricSi(s)+CO(g) b. Liquid silicon tetrachloride is reacted with very pure solid magnesium, producing solid silicon and solid magnesium chloride. c. Na2SiF6(s) + Na(s) Si(s) + NaF(s)arrow_forwardThioridazine, C21H26N2S2, is a pharmaceutical agent used to regulate dopamine (Dopamine, a neurotransmitter, affects brain processes that control movement emotional response, and ability to experience pleasure and pain.) A chemist can analyze a sample of the pharmaceutical for the thioridazine content by decomposing it to convert the sulfur in the compound to sulfate ion. This is then trapped as water-insoluble barium sulfate (see Figure 4.4). SO42(aq, from thioridazine) + BaCl2(aq) BaSO4(s) + 2 Cl(aq) Suppose a 12-tablet sample of the drug yielded 0.301 g of BaSO4. What is the thioridazine content, in milligrams, of each tablet?arrow_forward
- In each of the following cases, aqueous solutions containing the compounds indicated are mixed. Write balanced net ionic equations for the reactions that occur. (a) CaCl2 + Na3PO4 (b) iron(III) chloride and potassium hydroxide (c) lead(II) nitrate and potassium chloridearrow_forwardA 2.5624-g sample of a pure solid alkali metal chloride is dissolved in water and treated with excess silver nitrate. The resulting precipitate, filtered and dried, weighs 3.03707 g. What was the percent by mass of chloride ion in the original compound? What is the identity of the salt?arrow_forward4.104 When 2.750 g of the oxide Pb3O4 is heated to a high temperature, it decomposes to produce 0.0640 g of oxygen gas and 2.686 g of some new lead oxide compound. How can you use these data to determine the formula of the new compound?arrow_forward
- ChemistryChemistryISBN:9781305957404Author:Steven S. Zumdahl, Susan A. Zumdahl, Donald J. DeCostePublisher:Cengage LearningChemistry: An Atoms First ApproachChemistryISBN:9781305079243Author:Steven S. Zumdahl, Susan A. ZumdahlPublisher:Cengage Learning
- World of Chemistry, 3rd editionChemistryISBN:9781133109655Author:Steven S. Zumdahl, Susan L. Zumdahl, Donald J. DeCostePublisher:Brooks / Cole / Cengage LearningIntroductory Chemistry: A FoundationChemistryISBN:9781337399425Author:Steven S. Zumdahl, Donald J. DeCostePublisher:Cengage LearningChemistry: The Molecular ScienceChemistryISBN:9781285199047Author:John W. Moore, Conrad L. StanitskiPublisher:Cengage Learning