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Micro 3003 Ray Assignment 2 Due Friday, Sept. 22, 2023 (or earlier)
Questions refer to
:
Environmental Genomics Reveals a Single-Species Ecosystem Deep Within Earth, Chivian et al, Science 2008
(.pdf available on blackboard)
1)
What is environmental genomics (metagenomics)? Metagenomics is a process that involves extracting and sequencing DNA from a sample in an environment with the intention to identify members of microbial communities and note the abilities of the dominant members of those communities. 2)
Microbial growth, defined as an increase in the number of cells in a population, is related to the time it takes a population to double (generation time). What was the estimated range of doubling times for subsurface microorganisms growing under conditions of severe nutrient limitation? 100s to 1000s of years
3a)
What is the genus and species name of the bacterium studied, and what does its Latin name mean? Genus: Candidatus Desulforudis Species: audaxviator – Bold traveler
3b)
To which phylum
does it belong? Firmicutes
3c)
Bacillus
and Clostridium
spp. both belong to the same phylum that you identified
above. What special capability/feature does the bacterium discussed in the article share with them? The special characteristics that the bacterium in the article shares with Bacillus
and Clostridium
are: movement, spore formation, sulfate reduction, being a chemoautotrophic thermophile, and the ability to fix its own carbon and nitrogen. 4)
How many different species were found in the fracture fluid? There was only one species present in the fluid phase of the fracture. 5a)
Major environmental factors that influence microbial growth include temperature and pH. What was the ambient temperature and pH in the environment at the depth of the gold mine shaft? The ambient temperature in the environment at the depth of the gold mine shaft was proximately 60
°C and the pH was 9.3. 5b)
An organism growing there would be considered a
a. psychrophile
b. mesophile c. thermophile
d. hyperthermophile
6)
H
ow many liters of fracture water were filtered to collect the sample_______________, and what was the size of the filter pore
?_____________
1. Approximately 5600 L
2. 2.0 um
7a)
What does the microorganism use for energy?
a. gold
b. sunlight
c. radiolytic processes (uranium) provided a source of reductants and oxidants including H
2
d. decomposed organic matter
7b)
This would be considered a ___________________ ecosystem
a. photoautotrophic b. chemoheterotrophic
c. chemoautotrophic
d. photoheterolitholytic
8a)
Was the bacterium motile? YES
8b)
How was this determined? This was determined by the presence of flagellar genes that allowed them to move along chemical gradients.
9a)
How many protein-coding genes were found in the genome? 2157 protein coding genes
9b) How many protein-coding genes are typically found in free-living microorganisms? Fewer than 2000
10a)
What does the acronym CRISPR stand for? Clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeat
10b)
What is the proposed function of CRISPR regions that are encoded in the genome? The proposed function of CRISPR regions that are encoded in the genome is viral defense. 11a)
What was the most probable electron acceptor
used during metabolism?
SO4^2- (Sulfate)
11b)
What was the most probable electron donor
?
Formate and H2
11c)
What was the most probable carbon source
?
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Quizzes 2
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The PCCE of the respiratory tract helps capture inhaled debris and pathogens which are then absorbed into the bloodstream and filtered out by the liver for elimination
through the digestive system.
True
False
U
Nex
d
Next
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Please answer questions 2-4 in the attached photo
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General Electrophoresis Questions:
1. What makes macromolecules move through the gel in electrophoresis?2. What determines the speed at which macromolecules move through the gel in electrophoresis? In a single gel, why do some move faster than others?3. Why do we use different procedures for DNA and protein electrophoresis?
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Questions 14-16 are based on the following.
In the 1940's, Avery, Macleod, and McCarty transformed nonencapsulated bacteria into
encapsulated. forms by growing the nonencapsulated cells in a culture containing an
extract made from dead encapsulated cells. The transformed cells produced colonies of
encapsulated bacteria. Three different procedures and their results are outlined below.
Procedure I:
Extract made from dead encapsulated cells added to culture medium.
Nonencapsulated bacteria added to culture medium.
Results: Both nonencapsulated and encapsulated bacteria grow.
Procedure II:
Extract made from dead encapsulated cells treated with protein-degrading enzymes before
adding extract to culture medium.
Nonencapsulated bacteria added to culture medium.
Results: Both nonencapsulated and encapsulated bacteria grow.
Procedure III:
Extract made from dead encapsulated cells treated with DNAse (an enzyme that selectively
destroys DNA) before adding extract to culture medium.…
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Subject : Environmental Microbiology
Can u use the information given below to answer these 2 question
1.Provide an aim for this lab
2. Provide objectives
DISCUSSION QUESTIONS
What is the relationship between the resolution power and the useful magnification that may be obtained with the light microscope?
What determines the resolving power of the lens system?
What is the limit of resolution obtainable with the light microscope?
How you will distinguish between bright field and dark-field microscopy and provide a specific example where each would be method of choice for observing a culture of bacteria?
What advantages does electron microscopy have over light microscopy?
What are disadvantages of electron microscopy over light microscopy?
#Compare the use and the methodology of TEM with SEM? Provide at least one example where each would be the method of choic
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ANSWERS TO QUESTIONS ON
LABORATORY ASSAY NO.2
1. Why is it necessary to calibrate a Pasteur pipette?
2. Cite some possible sources of errors in the calibration of Pasteur Pipette.
3. Cite other procedural techniques that can be used for the calibration of Pasteur Pipette.
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Experimental microbiology homework
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Topic: Isolation of E. coli bacteriophage
What would happen if:
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- the chloroform was not added to the enrichment?
- the 0.1 ml lysate-E. coli mix was plated directly on top of the bottom agar?
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三: 三 山
8. When placed in each of the following, indicate if a red blood cell will
1) not change 2) hemolyze 3) crenate
5%(m/v) glucose solution
1%(m/v) glucose solution
0.5%(m/v) NaCl solution
2%(m/v) NaCl solution
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Questions:
1. What happens to the number of bacteria as you streak
from one sector to another?
2. What happens to the colonies when the bacteria are
separated well?
3. How bacteria does each colony come from?
many
4. Why do you make sure that the inoculating loop is red
hot?
5. What happens when the streaking is not correct?
6. When do
you
flame the mouth of the cultures tubes?
7. Why you should not use the inoculating loop when it
is red hot?
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Activity 2. Media Used in Isolating Coliforms
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bacteria. Include pictures and references.
Bacteria
Enrichment
(Broth/Agar)
Presumptive test
(Broth/Agar)
Isolation Media
(Broth/Agar)
E. coli
Salmonella
Shigella
1. How can you confirm that E. coli, Salmonella, and Shigella are present in the newly built water
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2. What is the difference between nutrient broth and nutrient agar?
3. What is the importance of these steps (Enrichment, Isolation, and presumptive test) in isolating bacteria?
Conclusion about the process of isolating bacteria
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Helping tags: Biology, bacteria, lag phase
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you.
TOPIC: Bacterial Growth Curve
1. How may the following growth and culture conditions affect the length of the lag
phase? EXPLAIN YOUR ANSWERS.
a) inoculum is from an old culture
b) shifting cells from rich culture medium to a poorer one
c) exponentially growing culture is transferred into the same medium under the
same growth conditions
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Differential
. QUESTION 4
What do you do in between each streak on a streak plate?
Dip the loop into the culture
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3) Would interfering with this protease effect other proteases in human cells?
4) How closely related are the amino acid sequences between SARS-CoV-2 and SARS-COV? What does
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"RESEARCH CONCEPT NOTE"
INSTRUCTIONS:
1. Select and read peer-reviewed research articles online. Choose ONE recent article (2010-2022 only). These articles should focus on Microscopy, Cell Culture and Aseptic Technique, and Cell Counting.
2. Based on the research articles you have been reading, identify a SMART research problem/question, objective, significance, and methodology. Note: SMART- Specific, Measurable, Attainable, Realistic, and Time-bound.
3. Fill up the Concept Note Template below.
TITLE:
Background of the Problem/Question(2 paragraphs only)
Research Problem (Gap)/Question(1 sentence only)
Research Objectives(2-3 objectives only)
Significance of the Proposed Solution(1-2 sentences only)
Summary of Methodology(1-2 paragraphs only)
ReferencesList all the references mentioned in the in-text citation. Follow APA format.
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Choose a microbial disease and use Koch's Postulates to
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Make a 1. Page Report.
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SMART ll A
Or © X39% 011:23
Q1WK2.docx
团:
Biotechnology
Quarter 1
Week 2
Name (Surname, First Name, Middle Initial):
Section (Program – Grade Level – Section):
Mini Home Experiment
Materials:
o perfume
o clean drinking glass
o water
o tomato/kamatis
o ginger
o salt
O sugar
o platito
o knife
Procedure:
Set-up A:
1. Open your bottle of perfume and spray it at one corner of your bedroom.
2. Observe what happens after 15-20 minutes.
Questions:
1. What happened after 15-20 minutes?
2. What is the reason behind this phenomenon?
Set-up B: (Be careful with the use of sharp objects. ADULT SUPERVISION IS ADVISED)
1. Cut two ginger sticks of the same size.
2. Prepare two drinking glass of the same size and fill it with equal amounts of water. Label
them A and B.
3. Dissolve three teaspoon of salt in glass B.
4. Place the ginger sticks separately in glass A and glass B.
5. Leave the set-ups overnight.
6. Observe the ginger sticks the next day.
Questions:
1. Which is the control set-up?
2. What did…
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Guide Questions.
1. Why is direct flaming preferred when disinfecting loops and needles?
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3. What is the difference between quadrant streak method A from method B?
4. Why do we use a pencil instead of a pen when labelling culture tubes or plates? Are there other alternatives in labelling?
5. Why is an inoculating needle used in Subculturing Techniques? Can a loop be used instead?
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