
art&scienceresearch methods nursing standard: clinical · research · education
Use of constant comparative analysis in qualitative research
Hewitt-Taylor J (2001) Use of constant comparative analysis in qualitative research.
Nursing Standard. 15, 42, 39-42. Date of acceptance: March 19 2001.
Summary
This article describes the application of constant comparative analysis, which is one method that can be used to analyse qualitative data. The need for data analysis to be congruent with the overall research design is highlighted.
T
HE AIM OF qualitative research is to portray the reality of the area under investigation, and to enhance understanding of the situation and the meanings and values attributed to this by
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The codes were written on hard copies of each document next to the related section. The codes and their definitions were recorded in a separate file. For example:
I Code – nursing and self-directed learning.
I Definition – any reference to, or indication that there might be issues relating to, selfdirected learning which is specific to nursing.
I Abbreviation – NSDL.
A separate file was used to ensure that the use of each code remained consistent and to establish a clear decision trail that could be used by auditors or future researchers. During data coding, notes were made about how decisions had been reached, how the coding process had been
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For related articles visit our online archive at: www.nursing-standard.co.uk and search using the key words below.
Key words
I Research methods
These key words are based on subject headings from the
British Nursing Index. This article has been subject to double-blind review.
july 4/vol15/no42/2001 nursing standard 39
art&scienceresearch methods nursing standard: clinical · research · education
conducted, and any specific queries raised.
Data analysis was inductive, as the study sought to promote understanding of individual perceptions, not prove a preconceived theory.
Codes were, therefore, generated from the data, rather than predetermined. Although literature-based codes can provide a useful tool, they can impede the development of new ideas
(Strauss
Benton, C. and Cormack, D. (2000). Reviewing and evaluating the literature. In D. Cormack (ed.) The Research Process in Nursing. 4th Edition. London: London Chapter.
Nursing research methods could either be qualitative, quantitative or mixed. This paper will focus on the qualitative and quantitative approaches. The qualitative studies approaches applied include methods such as interviews and narrative analyses which help in understanding of a particular phenomenon (Beyea & Slattery, 2006). The quantitative methods involve objectifying and quantifying data in a particular population or the use of survey instruments (Beyea & Slattery, 2006, p. 9). The knowledge generated from
Introduces and defines the topic, as well as describes its importance to professional nursing. Depth and detail are fair. (19–20 points)
As part of the literature review, the Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature (CINAHL), Google Scholar, Cochrane, and EBSCOhost databases were used in the search for sources to be utilized in this DNP project. Evaluative criteria were used to determine quality, suitability, and coverage of selected articles. For instance, the aspect of
The authors recommend that the findings originating from this study can be used as a basis to initiate protocols for implementation of bedside nursing
Quantitive and qualitative studies in research are an important aspect of the nursing profession. Researching and reviewing quantitive and qualitative articles is a process of systematic examination of materials to enhance, validate and learn new knowledge (Schmidt and Brown, 2012, p. 67). As Schmidt and Brown (2012) state, quantitive research design is used to predict relationships and explain relationships and causality whereas qualitative research design gives meaning to events of phenomenon’s (p.72). The purpose of this paper is to identify and
Nursing informatics (NI) has become a vital part of healthcare delivery and has become a defining factor in the selection, execution, and assessment of technology that supports safe, exceptional quality and patient-centered care. Nursing has become so uniform. The data in patient records has become a valuable resource and has improved assessments and overall patient care. Before the launch of nursing informatics throughout the second half of the 20th century there were not any real standards for language. The use of data restricted the function and
Qualitative nursing research findings are very important in decision making process in a working set up and at the national level. Qualitative researches ability to analyze information conveyed through language and behavior in natural setting makes it ideal for capturing expressive information pertaining to beliefs, values, feelings and motivation. In the process one finds himself in a position to learn directly from the patients about what they consider important. This is very crucial in identifying variables that are important for future clinical studies (Berkwits & Inui, 1998).
Nursing is a unique profession which is built upon theories that guide everyday nursing practice. According to Taylor, Lillis, & Lynn (2015), “Nursing theory differentiates nursing from other disciplines and activities in that it serves the purposes of describing, explaining, predicting, and controlling desired outcomes of nursing care practices” (p. 27). Many nurses may unknowingly apply a theory or a combination thereof, along with critical thinking to get the best outcome for a patient. Theories are used in practice today because they have been supported by research and help the profession uphold its boundaries. Most nursing theories consist of four concepts which are the patient, the environment, health, and nursing. Each patient is at the center of focus and they have the right to determine what care will be given to them using informed
This paper will address and evaluate the research problem itself, the design of the study, the sample, how the data is collected, its limitations, and its findings. Furthermore, how does this study impact the overall nursing process?
The power and strength of disciplines are heavily reliant on the development of concepts that are empirically validated and relevant to clinical practice (Mitchman &Weaver, 2008).Those concepts are then studied within a theoretical framework that is applicable to the concepts and their attributes. Concepts are continuously compared and analyzed between theories to ensure applicability and enhance the spectrum of evidence –based knowledge in nursing research and theory.
The purpose of this paper is to provide an introduction, purpose, and rational for selecting a nursing theory. I will describe the theory by identifying the purpose, concepts/definitions, relationships/structure, and assumptions. I will use the Chinn & Kramer evaluation criteria to critique this chosen theory. Finally I will describe a plan for implementing the theory into my practice setting, identifying any barriers and challenges.
I will methodically analyze all parts of the study to assess the validity of the article, by contrasting and comparing the information provided, with previous literature. I will try to make sure that recommendations provided by the authors are congruous with nursing practice and beneficial to the advancement of it. I will as much as possible provide in depth detail of previous studies on the same topic that either support or contradict the analysis provided by this study and its authors.
Health plays an important factor in the everyday life. In our society, there are those who stay healthy while others always unhealthy. In the field of nursing, it is important to find out reasons as to why lack of health is a continuing problem in the society. This is the key to becoming effective in the sector. The parameters that define health are known as health determinants. These range from social, economic, personal, and environmental factors. This is an important topic as it holds the key to the professional nursing practise. Dealing with health issues is no longer an easy affair as it was earlier. In the past, people
Health plays an important factor in the everyday life. In our society, there are those who stay healthy while others always unhealthy. In the field of nursing, it is important to find out reasons as to why lack of health is a continuing problem in the society. This is the key to becoming effective in the sector. The parameters that define health are known as health determinants. These range from social, economic, personal, and environmental factors. This is an important topic as it holds the key to the professional nursing practise. Dealing with health issues is no longer an easy affair as it was earlier. In the