Cross Sectional Study Psychology

PSQI, a 19-item tool, assessed self-rated sleep quality measures over the prior month, and with a score of 5 or greater associated with poor sleep. ESS, an 8-item self-rated questionnaire, evaluated the impact of subjective perceived sleepiness on daily functioning in eight different environments with a score of 9 or greater being associated with a burden of day-time sleepiness. ISI, a 7-item tool, identified the presence, rated the severity and described the impact of insomnia with a score of 10 or greater identified as positive for

Sleep deprivation is a serious concern among college students, who are "among the most sleep-deprived age group in the United States," (Central Michigan University, 2008). It is important to study the causes of sleep deprivation, or sleep disorders, among college students. According to Park (2009), "dozens of studies have linked an increase in nightly sleep to better cognition and alertness." A study by Central Michigan University (2008) found that sleep deprivation can lead to poor academic performance, impaired driving, depression, and behavioral problems. There are several variables that may affect sleeping patterns among college students. One is genetics or biological issues. It is highly

Students who usually stay up late and get little sleep do not think of the consequences for the next day. Frequently, a majority of these students arrive at class only to fall the next day only to fall asleep after the professor starts the lecture. The poor behavior problem usually leads to low attendance rates and poor grades among sleep deprived students (Johnson). For first time freshmen, sleep deprivation has been known to cause a variety of issues that can lead to grave harm. Sleep deprivation can cause slow reaction time as well as headaches and nightmares more frequently. The mind will fall asleep if it cannot get enough sleep causing it to not function properly. Some side effects insomnia are feeling fatigue, depressed or a feeling of the body being completely drained (Haynes). One of these issues

With researching many articles regarding chronic pain management, the quantitative work yielded extraordinary results, leaving it at the top of the evidence hierarchy. This well generalizable, exploratory, non-experimental, retrospective cross-sectional paper states the problem is that “prescription drug overdoses are the leading cause of accidental death in the United States (Reimann, Welty, & Solomon, 2017 p.160).” The author then goes into further detail to explain how opioids have killed more than 28,000 people in 2014 which is backed by the reputable Centers for Disease Control. The purpose of the study was clearly and concisely noted to “gather [information] about the use of cannabis as a substitute for opioid and nonopioid based pain

Rachel Fabry Sleeping disorders and college students To inform To inform college students about sleeping disorders obtained in college and the effect of this on students To inform my audience about what sleeping disorders are, how they can be obtained in college and the effect on students, and how they can be treated or prevented Have you ever wondered why the student sitting next to you in class is dozing off all of the time? You may think that this student is just a slacker, but if you dig deeper, you may learn that this individual is suffering from a sleeping disorder that they obtained in college. College students have a high chance of getting sleeping disorders because of changing class times, difficult work agendas, large homework loads, and busy social lives.

Specific Purpose: Sleep and college students usually don’t tend to get along very well. Sleep and college life often bump heads due to stress, coursework and social activities. This speech will give the students useful information about dangers of not getting enough sleep and also hints on how to get a better nights sleep.

Title: “Are the number of visits of mobilizations and baseline conditioned pain modulation* associated with clinically important pain improvement** in patients with chronic idiopathic neck pain- A cross-sectional study?”

Sleep is essential for anyone to perform at their best regardless of age sex and gender. While the amount of time and when a person falls asleep varies from person to person everyone must sleep and obtaining the right amount of sleep help can better a person quality life. Far too many adolescence are not obtaining enough sleep in 2009 the

For a long time man has sought a way to quantify intelligence weather it be a single attribute or a set of many different kind abilities. One well-known test, devised to measure intellectual aptitude, is the intelligence quotient, or IQ test. Furthermore, we have been interested how IQ changes with age. Early on in twentieth century, cross sectional research determined that IQ increased throughout childhood, peaked at adolescence and declined from there on out. This cross sectional research involved different groups of people at different ages. The dilemma with such a data set is that it does not take into account many variables that skew these results as you are measuring different sets of individuals and their education level or quality of education (Berger, K. S. 2005).

This research was carried out on 439 5th grade students from a town in southern Finland. The sample of 439 students had a mean age of 11.51 years old, comprised of 50.8% girls, and 49.2% boys. Students in Swedish-speaking, and special education classes were not included in the research. The researchers used the method of surveying in a form of a questionnaire for their investigation. The student’s sleep durations were gathered by asking the students what time every individual goes to bed, and the time one wakes up, during the school week, and a different set for sleep activity for the weekend. The students were also asked questions about their adverse bedtime behavior. They did that by asking questions like how long it takes for individuals to fall asleep.

Exigence: Sleep is a humored concept among university students as the pressures of academic assignments, examinations and social life often robs them of precious hours of sleep. As a result of unequal

The design of the study revolves around three variables including an independent variable, a dependent variable, and a mediation variable; where the independent variable is the average number of hours a student studies per week, the dependent variable is the average restfulness of student’s sleep, and the mediating variable is stress reaction. It is hypothesized that the average number of hours a student studies per week is associated to their positive sleep quality rating, where the higher number of hours of studying will predict a lower positive sleep quality rating. In addition, a student’s stress reaction score measured by multidimensional personality questionnaire (MPQ) standards on stress reaction factor will act as a mediator on the student’s sleep quality.

Previous research has suggested that sleep problems are related to anxiety disorders. Indeed, Gregory and colleagues (2005) found that children with sleep disorders early in life were significantly more likely to present with an anxiety disorder 20 years later. In the analysis presented here, it was found that self-reported anxiety was significantly associated with tiredness and concentration and diminished sleep quality in this student sample, which supports the hypothesis that those who have insufficient sleep will experience negative effects to their well-being. Therefore, poor sleep can negatively affect anxiety outcomes in university students as well as in children.

An online questionnaire was chosen as the method for data collection given the popularity and convenience of the Internet for students. The method selected for the data collection was an online questionnaire instead of printing questionnaire because of the suitability, popularity and convenience of the Internet for the university students. The questionnaire was obtained from a previous research study conducted in Iowa State University (…………………). Selected sections and questions were chosen from the questionnaire. The questionnaire was divided into three different sections, which are: demographic, sleep habits and quality and academic performance. The scholars designed the demographic section based on a review of associated literature and the demographic data was utilized to determine if the required target audiences was reached. The researchers have adopted all the items from the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) for the sleep habits and sleep quality section. The PQSI was found consistent (Cronbach’s alpha = .80) and valid and was also utilized in preceding related research study (Backhaus, Junghanns,

Sleep is a necessity for people to lead a productive day, as well as to stave off stress, illness, and recuperate from a hectic day.  Sleep has many benefits, but countless people do not always get the necessary amount of rest that is required to rejuvenate their bodies.  This is often the case for those in college. College life, with all the homework, studying, and pressure, sometimes getting a full night’s sleep is nothing but an elusive dream for students.  Although students may feel they are at the mercy of their stress induced insomnia, with some minor alterations to their daily habits, diet, and time management, attaining a full night 's sleep can become a reality.