2.2.2. Relevant Theories of Advertising When discussing within the advertising sector, a universally praised model must to mention is AIDA-model. Lewis (1898) first proposed the concept to describe the steps of consumer behaviour that occurred from the time when a consumer first became aware of a product or brand through to when the consumer tried a product or made a purchase decision (Priyanka, 2013). The model had four psychological stages including awareness, interest, desire, and action (Hassan et al., 2015). It was a useful formula to help marketers develop effective communication strategies as well as to understand how consumers respond to advertising. However, AIDA model was generated in the environment where advertisers took …show more content…
The fundamental factors that were identified to develop the psychological processes include perception, learning, memory, thinking, emotion and motivation (Sternberg 1996). Following the structure of the SOR model, Howard first (1969) proposed the consumer decision-making model (Richarme, M., 2005), which was further developed to be the ‘Theory of Buyer Behaviour’ (Howard et al., 1973). The model considered environment stimulus as variables impacting consumes, and was triggered from various sources. These inputs included core elements of products such as price, quality that the buyer truly confronts (Loudon et al., 1993) as well as symbolic stimuli resulted from advertising. Besides, social stimuli including family, peer and other reference groups also influence consumers before entering the decision process (Foxall 1990). In contrast, Engel et al (1995) did not focus on environmental factors, but paid more attention to the hypothetical construction of the decision process that was the main organism being influenced by inputs. The entire organism was structured around a seven-point decision process: need recognition followed by an internally and externally information search, the evaluation of alternatives, purchase, post purchase reflection and disposal. Aligning with Howard (1973), mainly two factors significantly affected these decisions. First, market stimuli affected consumer’s information process which was
Magazines are popular in the United States; they can be found in stores, offices, and houses. They are popular for advertising. Television, news, radio, billboards and online websites are just a few forms of media that companies use to advertise their products or services. Companies use advertisements to influence the consumer to either buy or use their products and services. Advertisements are used to manipulate consumers in many ways.
Riding in the backseat of the car, I am observing the world without noticing. Billboards are passing, the radio is playing, and storefronts are prominent. Ubiquitous advertisements meet the eye and this acquaintance is influential at the most influencing time of one’s adolescent life. The marketer’s goal is to find new and creative ways to advertise to young adults. By making ads bigger, brighter, and more animated in order to reach them in the schoolhouse, through textbooks, and technology. As this is business as usual for marketers, these persuasive communication techniques unconsciously, psychologically, and cognitively effect the minds of the younger generation. Not only influencing them, but also blinding them to the bottom line and selling a product at any cost. Sadly, this practice robs youth of their innocence.
In the Hunter/Gatherer section of Omnivore’s Dilemma, Pollan talks about what it takes to accomplish the task of developing a meal on his own; consequently, the people of today’s society are so used to the abundance of food that they have no idea what all is involved in establishing a full meal. Americans take this great abundance of food for granted, which causes an increased craving for more. This is where the world of advertisement has been the strongest. One of the easiest ways to reach people is through their food; therefore, major food industries try to lure people in at all costs just to buy their products. The Fast food industry is the
What is the Influence of Advertising on our children today? The influence of advertising on our lives, for both our children and us, for many years the influence of advertising has changed. Some people may remember when the advertisements of toy companies were directed at the adults instead of the kids, hoping that the adults might buy the products. Today’s advertisements have changed. Advertisements are more pervasive, sophisticated, and are now aimed directly at getting kids addicted to “products” at a very young age (Marconi, JM.). This goes to show that advertisers have realized that it is better to go right for the person who the product is for and not for the person that will be buying it for someone else. So how has advertising
Uniqueness and openness give people an identity, a sense of who one is. Women have always been victims of repression because men comfort themselves with the thought that women need looking after. Today, female oppression still exists, and is worse than ever, mostly because females have grown unaware of it - repression has grown as part of the women identity and is shaping the female gender in ways individuals can’t differentiate. The destruction of the female character has been silently shaped by men’s desires and the diminishing view of the female character.
In today's economy, merchants are looking for many ways to get consumers to buy their products through advertising. Many of these advertisements often do not make sense are difficult to understand, or sometimes it's just the product with the title and no description. This is because these advertisements have flaws in reasoning, or false arguments, to connect with their audiences. According to The St. Martin's Guide to Writing “Fallacies are errors or flaws in
Consumer behavior is defined in a variety of ways such as “the dynamic interaction of affect and cognition, behavior and environmental events by which human beings conduct the exchange aspects of their lives.” by the American Marketing Association. (2008). In a simpler form, consumer behavior can be explained as the actions of consumers and the different approaches a person may take to decide what to buy and the decision making process. The decision making process can be effected by many factors all related to a person or persons lifestyle. Determining that behavior can be confusing and
This paper will discuss the psychological and social factors, such as motives, perception, attitudes, personality, family, social class, and reference group that influence consumer behavior toward a product or service. It is important for marketers to develop an effective marketing message, understand and know how to apply this knowledge of consumer psychology to create and develop an effective marketing of its products and services.
While the world of advertising has been responsible for creating trends and impacting culture on a monumental level, the constant manipulation and force-feeding tactics behind these agencies has created a capitalist monster that is detrimental to society. Praying on the emotions of citizens, the rent-seekers have created a mentality valuing excess over humility. The food and beverage industries, alcohol in particular, utilize trendy and enjoyable advertising techniques, giving their audience a moment to escape to a better life through their specific brand. On the other hand non
The research in consumer behavior and psychology shows that the brand related information determines the probability if the customer will select a particular brand (Mitchell 100). Companies have learned to play with the psychology and emotions of consumers and have succeeded in attracting even those consumers that were not motivated by the traditional advertisements. Companies these days are focusing on the basic psychological principles to understand how to plan and execute the advertisement.
Advertisements work in such a way that we grow to envy those we are not; they exploit our perceived flaws by displaying a person who is the living and breathing version of who we wish to be. John Berger in his book, Ways of Seeing, explains that publicity works by convincing his reader that advertisements use envy to entice the public to buy products: “Publicity persuades us...by showing us people who have apparently been transformed and are, as a result, enviable” (131). Though Berger published his book in 1972, his arguments about envy and publicity still hold truth, perhaps now more than ever. Furthermore, the more present advertisements are in our everyday life, the more envious our society becomes. With the power of envy, those who fall under its spell become choiceless, and therefore powerless. Berger also argues in his book that there is a correlation between the number of advertisements we see and the less freedom Americans possess. However, Berger believes that capitalism hides this powerlessness with the illusion of choice: “Publicity helps to mask and compensate for all that is undemocratic within society” (149). This idea Berger has relates not only to the advertisement of products, but also to present-day politics. Withheld information creates power using envy which is used in both advertisements and the US government. As more envy is created with modern day technology, and we become more immersed into social media, the further we stray from democracy.
The main objective of the advertisement is to create a favorable climate for maintaining of improving sales. Customers are to be reminded about the product and the brand. It may induce new customers to buy the product by informing them its qualities since it is possible that some of the customers may change their brands.
This advertisement use AIDA model as supporting theory due to it is a principle to describe what happens when a reader engages with an advertisement. Furthermore, AIDA model is the simplest formula and yet most powerful in terms of develop a communication strategy and explain the four stages to the readers. The elements of AIDA model are stands for Awareness, Interest, Desire, and Action. Meanwhile, these four elements are the stages that a reader goes through when watching or viewing an advertisement. Yet, the basic principle behind the advertisement is that it must attract and persuade someone to take action. An advertisement is plays a role to attract the readers. Once the readers pay their attention to the advertisement, the interest will form in the mind of them. After that, the advertisement has to persuade reader’s desire and then persuade them to take action such as visiting websites.
What makes good Advertisements? Why can you remember a J.G Wentworth commercial, and to call 877 Cash Now for structured annuities and settlements? Rather, can you remember the number for Patrick R. Cox and the Tax masters? On the contrary, one of these TV ads had the power to influence you as a viewer. Good advertising is not ordinary. Advertisers like to use guidelines, which they call the “12 principles of good advertising” to convey to audiences, why they think they are worthy of your time.
Advertising is a persuasive communication attempt to change or reinforce one’s prior attitude that is predictable of future behavior. We are not born with the attitudes for which we hold toward various things in our environment. Instead, we learn our feelings of favorability or unfavorability through information about the object through advertising or direct experience with the object, or some combination of the two. Furthermore, the main aim of advertising is to ‘persuade’ to consumer in order to generate new markets for production.